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+ by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds
+* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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+<TITLE>SLA_FK45Z - FK4 to FK5, no P.M. or Parallax</TITLE>
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+<H2><A NAME="SECTION000492000000000000000">SLA_FK45Z - FK4 to FK5, no P.M. or Parallax</A>
+<A NAME="xref_SLA_FK45Z">&#160;</A><A NAME="SLA_FK45Z">&#160;</A>
+</H2>
+ <DL>
+<DT><STRONG>ACTION:</STRONG>
+<DD>Convert B1950.0 FK4 star data to J2000.0 FK5 assuming zero
+proper motion in the FK5 frame.
+ This routine converts stars from the old, Bessel-Newcomb, FK4
+ system to the new, IAU&nbsp;1976, FK5, Fricke system, in such a
+ way that the FK5 proper motion is zero. Because such a star
+ has, in general, a non-zero proper motion in the FK4 system,
+ the routine requires the epoch at which the position in the
+ FK4 system was determined. The method is from appendix&nbsp;2 of
+ reference&nbsp;1, but using the constants of reference&nbsp;4.
+<P> <DT><STRONG>CALL:</STRONG>
+<DD><TT>CALL sla_FK45Z (R1950,D1950,BEPOCH,R2000,D2000)</TT>
+<P> </DL>
+<P> <DL>
+<DT><STRONG>GIVEN:</STRONG>
+<DD>
+<BR>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
+<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><EM>R1950</EM></TD>
+<TH ALIGN="LEFT"><B>D</B></TH>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>B1950.0 FK4 <IMG WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img24.gif"
+ ALT="$\alpha$"> at epoch BEPOCH (radians)</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><EM>D1950</EM></TD>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B>D</B></TD>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>B1950.0 FK4 <IMG WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img23.gif"
+ ALT="$\delta$"> at epoch BEPOCH (radians)</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><EM>BEPOCH</EM></TD>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B>D</B></TD>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>Besselian epoch (<I>e.g.</I> 1979.3D0)</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE></DL>
+<P> <DL>
+<DT><STRONG>RETURNED:</STRONG>
+<DD>
+<BR>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
+<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><EM>R2000</EM></TD>
+<TH ALIGN="LEFT"><B>D</B></TH>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>J2000.0 FK5 <IMG WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img24.gif"
+ ALT="$\alpha$"> (radians)</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><EM>D2000</EM></TD>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B>D</B></TD>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>J2000.0 FK5 <IMG WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img23.gif"
+ ALT="$\delta$"> (radians)</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE></DL>
+<P> <DL>
+<DT><STRONG>NOTES:</STRONG>
+<DD><DL COMPACT>
+<DT>1.
+<DD>The epoch BEPOCH is strictly speaking Besselian, but
+if a Julian epoch is supplied the result will be
+affected only to a negligible extent.
+ <DT>2.
+<DD>Conversion from Besselian epoch 1950.0 to Julian epoch
+ 2000.0 only is provided for. Conversions involving other
+ epochs will require use of the appropriate precession,
+ proper motion, and E-terms routines before and/or
+ after FK45Z is called.
+ <DT>3.
+<DD>In the FK4 catalogue the proper motions of stars within
+ <IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img117.gif"
+ ALT="$10^{\circ}$"> of the poles do not include the <I>differential
+ E-terms</I> effect and should, strictly speaking, be handled
+ in a different manner from stars outside these regions.
+ However, given the general lack of homogeneity of the star
+ data available for routine astrometry, the difficulties of
+ handling positions that may have been determined from
+ astrometric fields spanning the polar and non-polar regions,
+ the likelihood that the differential E-terms effect was not
+ taken into account when allowing for proper motion in past
+ astrometry, and the undesirability of a discontinuity in
+ the algorithm, the decision has been made in this routine to
+ include the effect of differential E-terms on the proper
+ motions for all stars, whether polar or not. At epoch 2000,
+ and measuring on the sky rather than in terms of <IMG WIDTH="27" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img118.gif"
+ ALT="$\Delta\alpha$">, the errors resulting from this simplification are less than
+ 1&nbsp;milliarcsecond in position and 1&nbsp;milliarcsecond per
+ century in proper motion.
+ <DT>4.
+<DD>See also sla_FK425, sla_FK524, sla_FK54Z.
+ </DL></DL>
+<P> <DL>
+<DT><STRONG>REFERENCES:</STRONG>
+<DD><DL COMPACT>
+<DT>1.
+<DD>Aoki, S., <I>et al.</I>, 1983. <I>Astr.Astrophys.</I>, <B>128</B>, 263.
+<DT>2.
+<DD>Smith, C.A. <I>et al.</I>, 1989. <I>Astr.J.</I> <B>97</B>, 265.
+<DT>3.
+<DD>Yallop, B.D. <I>et al.</I>, 1989. <I>Astr.J.</I> <B>97</B>, 274.
+ <DT>4.
+<DD>Seidelmann, P.K. (ed), 1992. <I>Explanatory
+ Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac,</I> ISBN&nbsp;0-935702-68-7.
+ </DL></DL>
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+<ADDRESS>
+<I>SLALIB --- Positional Astronomy Library<BR>Starlink User Note 67<BR>P. T. Wallace<BR>12 October 1999<BR>E-mail:ptw@star.rl.ac.uk</I>
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