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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
+<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 97.1 (release) (July 13th, 1997)
+ by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds
+* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
+* with significant contributions from:
+ Jens Lippman, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Mean Places</TITLE>
+<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Mean Places">
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+<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2502" HREF="node206.html">Epoch</A>
+<BR>
+<B>Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2500" HREF="node197.html">EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLES</A>
+<BR>
+<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2494" HREF="node204.html">SLALIB support for precession and nutation</A>
+<BR> <HR> <P>
+<P><!--End of Navigation Panel-->
+<H2><A NAME="SECTION00055000000000000000">
+Mean Places</A>
+</H2>
+The main effect of the precession/nutation is a steady increase of about
+<IMG WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img261.gif"
+ ALT="$50\hspace{-0.05em}^{'\hspace{-0.1em}'}$">/year in the ecliptic longitudes of the stars. It is therefore
+essential, when reporting the position of an astronomical target, to
+qualify the coordinates with a date, or <I>epoch</I>.
+Specifying the epoch ties down the equator and
+equinox which define the <IMG WIDTH="42" HEIGHT="29" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img3.gif"
+ ALT="$[\,\alpha,\delta\,]$"> coordinate system that is
+being used.
+<A NAME="tex2html5" HREF="footnode.html#27903"><SUP><IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="1" ALT="[*]" SRC="foot_motif.gif"></SUP></A> For simplicity, only
+the smooth and steady ``general
+precession'' part of the complete precession/nutation effect is
+included, thereby defining what is called the <I>mean</I>
+equator and equinox for the epoch concerned. We say a star
+has a mean place of (for example)
+<IMG WIDTH="104" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img262.gif"
+ ALT="$12^{h}\,07^{m}\,58^{s}.09$">&nbsp;<IMG WIDTH="102" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img263.gif"
+ ALT="$-19^{\circ}\,44^{'}\,37^{''}.1$"> ``with respect to the mean equator
+and equinox of epoch J2000''. The short way of saying
+this is ``<IMG WIDTH="42" HEIGHT="29" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img3.gif"
+ ALT="$[\,\alpha,\delta\,]$"> equinox J2000'' (<B>not</B> ``<IMG WIDTH="42" HEIGHT="29" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img3.gif"
+ ALT="$[\,\alpha,\delta\,]$"> epoch J2000'',
+which means something different to do with
+proper motion).
+<P>
+<BR> <HR>
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+ SRC="contents_motif.gif"></A>
+<BR>
+<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2502" HREF="node206.html">Epoch</A>
+<BR>
+<B>Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2500" HREF="node197.html">EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLES</A>
+<BR>
+<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2494" HREF="node204.html">SLALIB support for precession and nutation</A>
+<BR> <HR> <P>
+<P><!--End of Navigation Panel-->
+<ADDRESS>
+<I>SLALIB --- Positional Astronomy Library<BR>Starlink User Note 67<BR>P. T. Wallace<BR>12 October 1999<BR>E-mail:ptw@star.rl.ac.uk</I>
+</ADDRESS>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>