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+.help mkpattern Jan90 noao.artdata
+.ih
+NAME
+mkpattern - Make/add patterns in images
+.ih
+USAGE
+mkpattern input
+.ih
+PARAMETERS
+.ls input
+Images to create or modify.  Image sections are allowed to apply a pattern
+to a portion of an image.
+.le
+.ls output = ""
+Output images when modifying input images.  If no output images are
+given then existing images in the input list are modified directly.
+If an output image list is given then it must match in number the
+input list.
+.le
+.ls pattern = "constant"
+Pattern to be used.  The patterns are:
+.ls constant
+Constant value v1.
+.le
+.ls grid
+A grid starting with the first pixel and going in steps of the
+pattern size with value v2.  Pixels between the grid have value v1.
+A minimum grid size of 2 is enforced.
+.le
+.ls checker
+A checkerboard with squares of the pattern size alternating between values v1
+and v2 starting with v1.
+.le
+.ls coordinates
+Each pixel is numbered sequentially starting with 1 with the column
+dimension varying fastest.
+.le
+.ls slope
+A sloped plane starting with value v1 for the first pixel and value v2 for
+the last pixel in one or two dimensions.
+.le
+.ls square
+A checkerboard pattern in which the size of the squares begin with
+the pattern size and grow as the square of the coordinate.
+.le
+.le
+.ls option = "replace"
+Editing option when modifying existing images.  Often this is used
+in conjunction with image sections to modify a part of an image.
+The options are:
+
+.nf
+ replace - Replace the image with the pattern.
+     add - Add the pattern to the image.
+multiply - Multiply the pattern with the image values.
+.fi
+.le
+.ls v1 = 0., v2 = 1.
+Pattern values used as described for each pattern.
+.le
+.ls size = 1
+Pattern size used as described for each pattern.
+.le
+
+WHEN CREATING NEW IMAGES
+.ls title = ""
+Image title to be given to the images.  Maximum of 79 characters.
+.le
+.ls pixtype = "real"
+Pixel datatype of new images; one of ushort, short, integer, real, double,
+or complex.
+.le
+.ls ndim = 2
+Number of dimensions between 0 and 7.
+.le
+.ls ncols = 512, nlines = 512
+Number of columns (first dimension) and lines (second dimension).
+.le
+.ls n3 = 1, n4 = 1, n5 = 1, n6 = 1, n7 = 1
+Number of pixels in 3rd-7th  dimensions
+.le
+.ls header = "artdata$stdheader.dat"
+Image or header keyword data file.  If an image is given then the image header
+is copied.  If a file is given then the FITS format cards are copied.
+This only applies to new images.   The data file consists of lines
+in FITS format with leading whitespace ignored.  A FITS card must begin
+with an uppercase/numeric keyword.  Lines not beginning with a FITS
+keyword such as comments or lower case are ignored.  The user keyword
+output of \fBimheader\fR is an acceptable data file.  See \fBmkheader\fR
+for further information.
+.le
+.ih
+DESCRIPTION
+This task creates or modifies images with a choice of patterns.  New images
+are created with the specified dimensions, datatype, and pattern.
+Existing images may have the pattern replace, add, or multiply the
+pixel values.  Existing images may be modified in place or new images may be
+created and image sections are allowed.
+
+For new images a set of header keywords may be added by specifying an
+image or data file with the \fIheader\fR parameter (see also \fBmkheader\fR).
+If a data file is specified lines beginning with FITS keywords are
+entered in the image header.  Leading whitespace is ignored and any
+lines beginning with words having lowercase and nonvalid FITS keyword
+characters are ignored.
+
+This task is the simplest one for creating empty images to be used for
+mosaicing with \fBimcopy\fR and making patterns for testing display and
+image operators.  The replace option is generally used with image sections
+to place constant values in regions.  The multiply option is useful
+for making masks of the given pattern when the values are 0 and 1.
+
+Though the patterns make sense extending to higher dimensions they
+are only defined in two dimensions.  One dimensional images may be
+thought of as the first line of the two dimensional pattern.  Images
+with dimensions greater than 2 simply repeat the two dimensional
+pattern into the higher dimensions.  The reason for stopping at
+two dimensions is simplicity.
+
+The patterns have the following precise definitions where P(i,j) is the
+pixel value at column i and line j, v1 and v2 are the pattern
+values, size is the pattern size, ncols and nlines are the number of
+columns and lines in the image, int is the integer function, mod is the
+modulus function, and sqrt is the square root function.
+
+.nf
+                k = int ((i-1)/size), l = int ((j-1)/size)
+                ksr = int (sqrt (k)), lsr = int (sqrt (l))
+                slope = (v2-v1) / ((ncols+nlines-2)/size)
+
+    constant:   P(i,j) = v1
+
+        grid:   P(i,j) = v2   when mod(i,size)=1 or mod(j,size)=1
+                P(i,j) = v1   otherwise
+
+ coordinates:   P(i,j) = i + j * ncols
+
+     checker:   P(i,j) = v1   when mod(k,2)=0 and mod(l,2)=0
+                P(i,j) = v2   when mod(k,2)=1 and mod(l,2)=0
+                P(i,j) = v2   when mod(k,2)=0 and mod(l,2)=1
+                P(i,j) = v1   when mod(k,2)=1 and mod(l,2)=1
+
+       slope:   P(i,j) = v1 + slope * (k + l) 
+
+      square:   P(i,j) = v1   when mod(ksr,2)=0 and mod(lsr,2)=0
+                P(i,j) = v2   when mod(ksr,2)=1 and mod(lsr,2)=0
+                P(i,j) = v2   when mod(ksr,2)=0 and mod(lsr,2)=1
+                P(i,j) = v1   when mod(ksr,2)=1 and mod(lsr,2)=1
+.fi
+
+.ih
+EXAMPLES
+1. Create an empty (constant value of zero) three dimensional image.
+
+.nf
+	cl> mkpattern cube ndim=3 nc=100 nl=100 n3=100
+.fi
+
+2. Replace a square region of an image with the value -1000.
+
+.nf
+	cl> mkpat alpha[201:250,1:50] v1=-1000
+.fi
+
+3. Put a grid pattern on an image to create a new image.
+
+.nf
+	cl> mkpat dev$pix out=gridpix pat=grid op=mul v1=1 v2=0
+.fi
+.ih
+REVISIONS
+.ls MKPATTERN V2.11
+Now allows ndim=0 to create dataless header.
+
+Now allows type ushort pixel type.
+.le
+.ih
+SEE ALSO
+imcopy, imreplace
+.endhelp