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diff --git a/doc/em4010.ms b/doc/em4010.ms new file mode 100644 index 00000000..33d66ba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/em4010.ms @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ +.TL +IRAF Graphics with the Diversified Computer Systems EM4010 Terminal Emulator +.AU +Steve Rooke +April 1987 + +.NH +Introduction +.PP +The popular vtxxx and Tektronix 4010 terminal emulator, \fBem4010\fP, +a product of Diversified Computer Systems, Inc., may be used as a graphics +terminal within IRAF. In its current form, the emulator has certain features +that make its use within IRAF a bit awkward, though it is fully functional. +The user must first make sure the emulator's Setup Mode features are set +properly, then must inform the IRAF graphics system that it is talking to +an \fBem4010\fP terminal. + +.PP +Since it is intended for a class of desktop personal computer that does +not have separate hardware graphics and text memories, the \fBem4010\fP +\fIemulates\fP individual graphics and text planes. +In general you will want to enter IRAF from the emulator's \fBvt220\fP +(7-bit) mode, although the \fBvt102\fP and \fBvt100\fP modes probably work +equally well. +IRAF needs to know what kind of terminal you are using, requiring that +\fBem4010\fP entries exist in both the \fLdev$termcap\fP and \fLdev$graphcap\fP +files, and that you notify the system about the terminal with the \fLstty\fP +task. +Once inside IRAF, the system will take care of switching the emulator between +text and graphics modes. + +.NH +The Termcap and Graphcap Entries +.PP +IRAF stores information about text terminals in the file \fItermcap\fP in +the \fIdev\fP directory, and information about graphics terminals +in the file \fIgraphcap\fP. +You can determine whether your system currently supports the \fBem4010\fP +by searching those files for `em4010': +.nf +.sp 1 +.in 5 +\fLcl> match em4010 dev$termcap +cl> match em4010 dev$graphcap\fP +.in 0 +.sp 1 +.fi +If there is no match, the IRAF system manager will need to install the +entries, which may be obtained from the IRAF group at NOAO or edited in +from the Appendix. +The \fItermcap\fP and \fIgraphcap\fP entries should be placed with the +other terminal entries and the device cache rebuilt, for the best performance. +See \fLcl> help mktty\fP and the comments at the beginning of each file +for information on caching device entries. +If it is not possible to rebuild the cache (e.g. if the system's source +files have been stripped) performance will be better if the entries are +inserted near the beginning of the file. +Note the comments in \fLhelp mktty\fP about modifying entries that +have already been cached. + +.NH +EM4010 Setup Mode Settings +.PP +In order to use the \fBem4010\fP for graphics within IRAF, +you must first establish the correct Tektronix mode settings. +To enter \fISetup Mode\fP from vt220 mode (vt100, vt102, etc.), +first press \fBALT F1\fP, then select the Tektronix mode page +with \fBSHIFT F3\fP. If you are already in the emulator's graphics +mode, simply press \fBALT F1\fP. +Remember to save the new settings; look for the function key +menu entry for \fIsave\fP at the bottom of the screen. +Also note that \fBALT H\fP may be used from either vtxxx or 4010 +mode to obtain on-line help about using the emulator. + +.NH 2 +Graphics Board Settings +.PP +Make sure you have the graphics board setting corresponding to +the actual hardware in your terminal. For the most efficient and +accurate graphics, you will need to know this setting when you set +your terminal type (see `Identifying the Terminal to IRAF' below). + +.NH 2 +Options +.PP +The option settings should be as follows: +.sp 1 +.TS +center, box; +c s +c|c +l|a. +Tektronix Setup Settings for IRAF +_ +Option Value +_ +GIN Mode Input Terminator ^M (CR) +Transparent Mode Entry ^X +Exit String ^E +Clear VT Screen on Exit No +Auto Switch Enable +Text Mode Replace +.TE +The `^' above means enter the named letter as a control character. +Note that, although you enter the \fIGraphics Input (GIN)\fP terminator +as `control-M', the carriage return, it is echoed as a back arrow (\fB\(<-\fP). +You may wish to experiment with the Text Mode setting. In \fIOverstrike\fP +mode some plots may look better or more familiar, but it may become hard to +read the status line. +.NH +Identifying the Terminal to IRAF +.PP +Once you have the emulator set up properly, you need to inform IRAF that it +is talking to the \fBem4010\fP. The best way to do this is with the command: +.sp 1 +.nf +.in 5 +\fLcl> stty em4010\fP +.in 0 +.fi +.sp 1 +If the \fBem4010\fP is your normal, default terminal, place the +`\fLstty em4010\fP' +command into your login.cl or loginuser.cl file. +.PP +The standard termcap and graphcap entries for device \fBem4010\fP will +suffice in most cases. However, if you have a graphics board other than +the Hercules, in particular the IBM high or medium resolution boards, or +the AT&T 6300 monochrome graphics board, you should set the device as +follows, to be sure you always get the right size text characters +while in graphics mode: +.sp 1 +.TS +center, box; +c s +c|c +l|a. +EM4010 Device Names for IRAF +_ +Graphics Board IRAF Device Name +_ +Hercules monochrome graphics board em4010he +IBM high resolution board em4010ih +IBM medium resolution board em4010im +IBM enhanced graphics board em4010ieh +Tecmar Master graphics board, non-interlaced em4010tn +Tecmar Master graphics board, interlaced em4010ti +AT&T 6300 monochrome graphics board em4010att +.TE +For example, for the AT&T board, use: +.sp 1 +.nf +.in 5 +\fLcl> stty em4010att\fP +.in 0 +.fi +.sp 1 +(or just `\fLstty em4010att\fP' in your login.cl file). + +.NH +Caveats: Undesirable Features or Emulator Bugs +.PP +The current version of the \fBem4010\fP emulator has several features +which can be viewed as bugs or design deficiencies. None of these features +is serious enough to limit use of the \fBem4010\fP, though they may +make certain functions somewhat awkward. + +.NH 2 +Losing the Graphics Buffer +.PP +When in IRAF's \fIcursor mode\fP, the emulator stays in graphics mode for most +functions, including those utilizing the single status line at the bottom +of the screen. +However, those functions that require temporarily flipping +to text mode with the paging system, such as \fIcursor mode\fP's +`\fB?\fP', \fB:.help\fP, etc., cause the graphics buffer to be lost. +If you exit the pager with a carriage return rather than +\fBq\fP, the graphics screen will be refreshed automatically by IRAF. + +.PP +Certain IRAF graphics tasks may try to write text output while you are +still in graphics mode, without using the pager employed +by the likes of \fB:.help\fP. +On some terminals this works fine, with the text output scrolling up +over the graphics, or appearing in a separate window. +However, in the \fBem4010\fP, since the text output is written into +the emulated text `plane', there is an automatic `exit-graphics', causing the +graphics buffer to be erased. +The effect of this is that the graphics screen will be cleared \fIand\fP +you will not have had time to see the text output, though you should still be in +\fIGIN\fP mode (you still have the crosshair). +To redraw the screen at this point, type \fBR\fP. + +.PP +To first view the text output manually, +press \fBALT V\fP; you will now see the full contents of the text buffer. +To go back to graphics, press \fBALT G\fP followed by an \fBR\fP +and \fIfive carriage returns\fP to redraw the screen. +This is because the emulator has forgotten that you were in \fIGIN\fP mode, +while IRAF still expects it to be in that state, not knowing +anything about your temporary manual switch to vtxxx mode. + +.NH 2 +Overstrike vs. Replacement Text +.PP +An apparent emulator bug is that while in Tektronix text mode \fIoverstrike\fP, +the feature that allows us to erase an existing status line before +writing to it afresh is disabled. This means that you can \fBeither\fP have +all text written to the graphics plane overlaid on the plot as with +the \fIvt640\fP and most Tektronix terminals, and never erase the +status line, \fBor\fP erase the status line normally but have text +\fIreplace\fP whatever it writes over. +Here, replacing means there will be a blank border around each character, +so for example in a contour plot the text characters labelling the +contour levels will wipe out any contour lines immediately underneath them. +The latter will still be preferable to most users, because the single +status lines are used frequently by IRAF applications. + +.NH 2 +Unimplemented Tektronix Features +.PP +The emulator does not implement broken lines (dashed, dotted, etc.) at all. +Nor does it emulate different sizes of hardware text, though one can always +set text quality to `high' in \fIcursor mode\fP, and let the +IRAF graphics system generate characters in software +(see \fLhelp cursors\fP). + +.NH +Future Developments +.PP +We are working with the people at Diversified Computer Systems to +try to get them to modify the emulator, particularly to prevent the +graphics buffer from being erased upon exit from graphics mode, and to +cause the emulator to remember when graphics was exited from \fIGIN\fP mode. +We will also try to get them to implement broken lines. + +.bp +.SH +Appendix -- EM4010 Termcap and Graphcap Entries +.sp 1 +.SH +dev$termcap +.LP +.sp 1 +.ft L +.nf +# Diversified Computer Systems vt220/tek4010 emulator (em4010) series +em4010|em4010he|em4010ih|em4010im|em4010ieh|em4010tn|em4010ti|em4010att:\\ + :gd:li#24:co#80:cl=50\\E[H\\E[2J^X:is=^]^X\\E[1;24r\\E[24;1H:tc=vt220: +.sp 1 +.fi +.SH +dev$graphcap +.LP +.sp 1 +.ft L +.nf +# Diversified Computer Systems vt220/tek4010 emulator (em4010) series +em4010he|em4010 emulator for Hercules monochrome graphics board:\\ + :xr#720:yr#348:xs#.19:ys#.15:ar#.77:li#38:ch#.026:tc=em4010: +em4010ih|em4010 emulator for IBM high-res board:\\ + :xr#640:yr#200:li#33:ch#.030:tc=em4010: +em4010im|em4010 emulator for IBM medium-res board:\\ + :xr#320:yr#200:li#33:co#64:ch#.030:cw#.016:tc=em4010: +em4010ieh|em4010 emulator for IBM enhanced graphics board:\\ + :xr#640:yr#350:li#38:ch#.026:tc=em4010: +em4010tn|em4010 emulator for Tecmar Master graphics board, non-interlaced:\\ + :xr#720:yr#352:li#38:ch#.026:tc=em4010: +em4010ti|em4010 emulator for Tecmar Master graphics board, interlaced:\\ + :xr#720:yr#704:li#38:ch#.026:tc=em4010: +em4010att|em4010 emulator for AT&T 6300 monochrome graphics board:\\ + :xr#640:yr#400:li#42:ch#.024:tc=em4010: +em4010|Tek 4010 emulator for IBM PC-compatibles (default Hercules):\\ + :xr#720:yr#348:xs#.19:ys#.15:ar#.77:li#38:ch#.026:lt#1:nc#1:th#1:\\ + :Y1#40:Y2#739:RC=^]\\E"4g:CW=^E\\E[24;0H\\E[K:\\ + :GD=^X\\E[24;1h\\E[24;1f\\E[0K:tc=vt640: +.sp 1 +.ft P +.nf |