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Some notes on the fio system.
Binary files.
open the binary file with
fio_fd = fopnbf(dev_name, mode, zopn_dev, zard_dev, zawr_dev,
zawt_dev, zstt_dev, zcl_dev)
where dev_name is a char string, terminated with EOS,
mode is READ_ONLY, READ_WRITE, WRITE_ONLY, NEW_FILE, APPEND,
TEMP_FILE, NEW_COPY
and the z routines are for open, read, write, wait, get status,
and close ( see system interface reference manual).
The fio_fd that is returned is then used in calls to read, write, and flush.
They have the form write(fio_fd, buffer, #_of_chars)
read (fio_fd, buffer, #_of_chars)
flush(fio_fd)
seek (fio_fd, loffset)
long = note (fio_fd)
The output data will be buffered in a buffer of CHAR size as set by
a kernel call to zstt(). This can be overridden by
fsetl(fio_fd, F_BUFSIZE, buffer_size_in_char)
Partially filled buffers can be forced out by "flush".
Input data is buffered up before being made available to the
user; if an i/o call is needed to fill the buffer and it returns with
an inadequate number of data items, then the read returns with fewer
than requested itmes.
The file system can be made to use an external (local) buffer by
fseti(fio_fd, F_BUFPTR, new_buffer)
For general image i/o, it is desirable to set the ASYNC parameter to YES
fseti(fio_fd, F_ASYNC, YES)
If the device has a specific block size, this can be set by
fseti(fio_fd, F_BLKSIZE, value);
the file system will use this value for checking validity of block offsets
in reads and writes. If the value is zero, the device is considered a
"streaming" device, and no checks are done.
(from Doug)
The device block size parameter is set at open time by all call to ZSTT__.
FIO is permissive and allows one to set almost anything with FSET, but some
of the parameters are best considered read only. This is documented at the
parameter level in <fset.h>.
Image displays are NOT streaming devices, they are random access, block
structured devices. If you wish to defeat block alignment checking then
ZSTT__ may return a block size of 1 char. Note that not all image displays
are addressable at the pixel level. Even those that are are may be most
efficiently accessed using line at a time i/o (block size equals 1 line).
If the block size is set to 1 FIO will still access the device in chunks
the size of the FIO buffer. The file area is partitioned up into a series
of "pages" the size of the FIO buffer and FIO will fault these pages in and
out when doing i/o. The only advantages of a block size of 1 are that the
FIO buffers may be any size (not much of an advantage), and more significantly,
AREAD and AWRITE calls may be used to randomly access the device. The latter
are asynchronous and are not buffered, and are the lowest level of i/o
provided by FIO.
The form for the z routines is
zopn_dev(dev_name, mode, channel)
zard_dev(channel, buffer, length, offset)
zawr_dev(channel, buffer, length, offset)
zawt_dev(channel, bytes_read/written)
zstt_dev(channel, what, lvalue)
zcl_dev (channel, status)
where channel is some number to be used however the z routines want, but
in the simplest case and under UNIX, would be the file descriptor of the
open file as determined by zopn_dev, or, in case of error, is ERR.
length and offset are in BYTES. zstt_dev() will be handled locally.
Bytes, yes, but the file offsets are one-indexed. See the System Interface
reference manual.
Each of the z*_dev routines above, with the exception of zstt_dev, will
ultimately result in a call to one of the system z routines for binary
files: zopnbf, zardbf, zawrbf, zawtbf, zclsbf. These routines take
the same arguments as the z*_dev routines, with the exception that
unix_fd is to be substituted for channel. "unix_fd" is the actual
file descriptor that results from the "real" open of the device by
zopnbf. It does not need to be visible above the z*_dev routines.
The FIO z-routines for a device do not necessarily resolve into calls to the
ZFIOBF driver. It is desirable to structure things this way if we can since
it reduces the size of the kernel, but if necessary the z-routines can be
system dependent. Since the IIS is data driven and is interfaced in UNIX
as a file we were able to use the existing ZFIOBF driver, resulting in a
very clean interface. New devices should also be interfaced this way if
possible. For various reasons a data stream interface is almost always
preferable to a control interface (like Sebok's Peritek driver). I would
seriously consider adding a layer on a control driven device driver to make
it appear to be data driven, if the driver itself could not be modified.
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