1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
|
The procedures in this directory implement the lowest level of the
screen handling routines in the display library. Procedures not
described in this file are not part of the public interface and should
not be called by user programs. All the capabilities of the curses
procedures are layered on top of the procedures in this directory.
These procedures provide less functionality than the curses routines,
but can be faster, at the expense of more complications in the user
program. The procedures in this directory are portable. They are
written in SPP and they do all their I/O through the IRAF VOS. They
use the termcap and edcap files so that this library can be used with
a variety of terminals and the editing commands can be tailored to the
user's preferences. There are two sets of subroutines in this
directory. The first set is the keyboard subroutines, prefixed by the
letter "k", which read the keyboard and translate control key
sequences to a single character. The second set is the screen
sunroutines, prefixed by the letters "ps", which write to the
terminal.
The keyboard subroutines read input from the keyboard, translating
command key sequences into a single number. The command key sequences
are read from the edcap file. This is a file located either in the
user's home directory or the dev$ directory whose name is the value of
the editor environment variable with an extension of ".ed". See the
files in the dev$ directory for an example of the file format. The
keyboard subroutines are initialized by a call to the following
subroutine:
procedure k_begin (cmdlist)
char cmdlist[ARB] # i: List of editing commands
This subroutine puts the terminal in raw mode, reads the edcap file,
and sends the keyboard initialization sequence to the terminal. Its
argument is a list of command names taken from the edcap file that you
want your program to recognize. The first character in the string is a
command separator, used to separate the commands in the string. The
macro CMDSTR in <curses.h> defines the list of commands used by the
curses routines. The screen initialization routine, ps_begin, must be
called before k_begin is called. To terminate the keyboard interface,
call the following subroutine:
procedure k_end ()
This procedure ends raw mode and sends the keyboard termination sequence
to the terminal. The screen termination routine, ps_end, should be
called after this routine is called. The following subroutine reads a
single character from the terminal:
int procedure k_get ()
Command key sequences that were named in the command list passed to
k_begin are returned as a single number. The value returned by the
first command key sequence in the command list is K_BASE, the value
returned by the second sequence is K_BASE+1, and so on. The macro
K_BASE is defined in <curses.h>.
The next keyboard subroutine returns a pointer to a character string
containing the help text for the keyboard commands:
procedure k_help (text)
pointer text # o: Help text
The help text string is formatted as a series of command descriptions.
Each description starts with the name of the edcap command , followed
by an equals sign, followed by the ascii representation of the key
sequence which executes the command, and terminated by a newline
character.The string is formatted as a series of command descriptions.
Each description starts with the name of the edcap command , followed
by an equals sign, followed by the ascii representation of the key
sequence which executes the command, and terminated by a newline
character.
The following routine copies one of the command descriptions from the
help text to an output string:
procedure k_eseq (name, eseq, maxch)
char name[ARB] # i: Name bound to command sequence
char eseq[ARB] # o: String representation of command sequence
int maxch # i: Maximum length of command sequence
The input parameters are the name of the command sequence and the
length of the output string. The name of the sequence should be
the name passed as part of the command string to k_begin(). The output
is the ascii represntation of the escape sequence of that command.
The screen subroutines are used to send output to the terminal. They
are based on the subroutines in Marc Rochkind's book, "Advanced C
Programs for Displays". Several conventions are followed by these
subroutines. The first is that while strings are passed as arrays of
characters, individual characters are passed as integers. The second is
that screen coordinates are passed row first, column second and that the
coordinates of the upper left corner of the screen are (1, 1). The
third is that areas on the screen are passed as rectangles, which are
represented as arrays of four elements, where the four elements are the
(top, left, bottom, right) corners of the rectangle. The initialization
and termination routines for the screen subroutines are:
procedure ps_begin ()
procedure ps_end ()
The first subroutine opens the terminal for I/O and reads the termcap
file, the second closes the terminal. The calling program get the size
of the screen by calling the subroutines:
int procedure ps_height ()
int procedure ps_width ()
These subroutines return the number of screen rows and columns,
respectively. The following subroutine flushes the output buffer:
procedure ps_synch ()
The user will not see any output sent by these subroutine to the
terminal until this subroutine is called. To ring the terminal's bell,
call the following subroutine:
procedure ps_beep ()
To move the cursor on the screen call the following subroutine:
procedure ps_setcur (row, col)
int row # i: Cursor row
int col # i: Cursor column
To write a string to the screen call the following subroutine:
procedure ps_write (row, col, ncols, str, att)
int row # i: Starting row
int col # i: Starting column
int ncols # i: Number of columns to write
char str[ARB] # i: String to write
int att # i: Attribute
The number of columns is an upper limit on the number of characters to
write, if the string is shorter than this, the actual number of
characters on the screen will be displayed. If the string does not lie
entirely on the screen, the string will be clipped at the screen boundary.
The attribute determines whether the string is printed normally or in
standout mode. The value should be set to either A_NORM or A_STANDOUT,
which is defined in display.h. To write a string where the screen
attribute may change from character to characater call the following
subroutine:
procedure ps_wrtcells (row, col, vector, ncols)
int row # i: Starting row
int col # i: Starting column
char vector[ARB] # i: Vector to write
int ncols # i: Number of columns to write
The string to be written must be at least ncols long and each character
to be displayed in standout mode should have A_STANDOUT added to its
ascii code. This subroutine is used when the calling program keeps an
array whose contents corresponds to the current screen display. To fill
an area on the screen with a single character call the following
subroutine:
procedure ps_fill (source, ch, att)
int source[RSIZE] # i: Rectangle
int ch # i: Fill character
int att # i: Fill attribute
This subroutine can be used to clear part or all of the screen by
setting the fill character to blank and the fill attribute to A_NORM.
The macro RSIZE is equal to 4 and is defined in display.h. To move an
area of the screen in any of the four directions call the following
subroutine:
bool procedure ps_slide (source, dir, dist)
int source[RSIZE] # i: Rectangle
int dir # i: Direction (from display.h)
int dist # i: Distance (> 0)
This subroutine can be used to scroll the screen up or down, delete one
or more characters from a line, or move a line over so that a new
character can be inserted. The direction is given as one of the four
macros DIR_UP, DIR_DOWN, DIR_LEFT, and DIR_RIGHT, defined in <curses.h>.
This subroutine may or may not be able to move the screen, depending on
the capabilities defined in the terminal's termcap file. If the
subroutine can move the area, it returns true and if it cannot, it
returns false. In the latter case, it is the responsibility of the
calling program to redraw the affected area of the screen in order to
move the area.
The include file display.h contains several macros the can be used to
manipulate the rectangles passed to the screen subroutines. In order to
access the elements of a rectangle the following macros can be used:
RTOP(rect) # Top row of a rectangle
RLEFT(rect) # Left column of a rectangle
RBOT(rect) # Bottom row of a rectangle
RRIGHT(rect) # Right column of a rectangle
The dimensions of a rectangle can be computed by the following macros:
RWIDTH(rect) # Number of columns in a rectangle
RHEIGHT(rect) # Number of rows in a rectangle
A program can set the elements in a rectangle with the following macros:
RASG(newrect, top, left, bottom, right)
RCPY(newrect, oldrect)
The first macro assigns four scalars to the elements of a rectangle and
the second macro copies the elements of one rectangle to another.
|
