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+.TL
+The "cv" Display Package
+.AU
+Richard Wolff
+.DA
+.PP
+The \fIcv\fR program is used to control the image display from within
+\fIIRAF\fR.  It differs from most \fIIRAF\fR programs since it has its
+own prompt and its own internal "language".  Each of the available commands
+is described in the following paragraphs, but first a few comments on the
+command structure seem in order.  Commands are distinguished by their
+first letter, except for a few instances where the second letter is needed.
+The rest of the command name can be typed if you wish.  Commands often
+require specification of frames numbers, colors, quadrants, or numeric
+values.  In most cases, the order is unimportant,  but, zoom, for instance,
+does require the zoom power right after the command name.  The order given
+in the \fIhelp\fR command will always work.
+.PP
+A frame list is indicated in the \fIhelp\fR listing with an \fBF\fR.  This
+is to be replaced in the typed command by an \fBf\fR followed (no spaces)
+with a list of the pertinent image planes.  Thus, \fBf1\fR means
+.I "frame 1"
+while \fBf42\fR means
+.I "frames 4"
+and \fI2\fR.  In most cases, the leading \fBf\fR can be omitted.
+The specification \fBfa\fR means \fIall frames\fR.  In those
+cases in the \fIhelp\fR menu where the frame specification is optional,
+omitting the frame list is the same as typing \fBfa\fR; that is, operate
+on \fIall\fR frames.
+.PP
+A color specification is a \fBc\fR followed by a set of letters.
+The letter \fBa\fR means \fIall\fR, just as in the frame specification.
+The letters \fBr, b,\fR and \fBg\fR are the other possibilities for all
+commands other than \fIdg\fR and \fIsnap\fR.  For displaying graphics
+planes (\fBdg\fR), the other possibilities are \fBy, p, m, w\fR which
+stand for \fIyellow, purple, mauve,\fR and \fIwhite\fR.  (\fIMauve\fR is
+the wrong name and will get changed.)  The \fIsnap\fR command accepts, in
+addition to the standard three colors, \fBm, bw,\fR and \fBrgb\fR, which
+stand for \fImonochrome, black and white,\fR and \fIfull color\fR.  (See
+the discussion under \fIsnap\fR for further explanation.)
+An omitted color specification is the same as \fIall colors\fR.
+.PP
+Quadrants are given by a \fBq\fR followed by numbers from the set one through
+four, or the letter \fBa\fR as in the frame and color cases.  Quadrants are
+numbered in the standard way, with the upper right being \fI1\fR, the upper
+left \fI2\fR, etc.  Adjacent quadrants may be referenced by \fBt, b, l,\fR
+and \fBr\fR, standing for \fItop, bottom, left,\fR and \fIright\fR.  An
+omitted quadrant specification is the same as \fIall quadrants\fR.  Quadrants
+are effective only if the split screen command has set the split point to
+something other than the "origin".
+.sp
+.SH
+\fBblink\fR N F (C Q) (F C Q)
+.IP
+The blink rate is given by \fBN\fR, which is in tenths of a second.  Although
+current timing routines in \fIIRAF\fR do not recognize partial seconds,
+for the NOAO 4.2BSD UNIX implementation, a non-portable timing routine is
+used so that tenth seconds are usable.
+Erratic timing is pretty much the rule when the system load is large.
+One frame must be given,
+followed by any color or quadrant specification, and then
+optionally followed by any number of similar triads.  A specification of
+\fI10 f12 f3 f3 f4\fR would display frames one and two for one second, then
+frame three for two one second intervals, then frame 4, and then recycle.
+The first blink cycle may appear somewhat odd as the code "settles in",
+but the sequence should become regular after that (except for timing
+problems due to system load).  In split screen mode, it is necessary to
+specify all the frames together with quadrants, which leads to a lot of
+typing:  The reason is that blink simply cycles through a series of
+\fBdi\fR commands, and hence it requires the same information as that
+command.
+.SH
+\fBcursor\fR [on off F]
+.IP
+This command is used to turn the cursor on or off, and to read coordinates
+and pixel values from a frame.  Pixel coordinates for a feature are those
+of the image as loaded into the display, and do not change as the image
+is panned or zoomed.  Fractional pixel positions are given for zoomed
+images, with a minimum number of decimal places printed (but the same number
+for both the \fIx\fR and \fIy\fR coordinates).
+For an unpanned, unzoomed image plane, the lower left corner
+of the \fIscreen\fR is (1,1)
+even if the image you loaded is smaller than 512x512, occupies only
+a portion of the display screen, and does not extend to the lower left
+corner of the screen.  This defect will likely be remedied
+when the \fIcv\fR package is properly integrated into \fIIRAF\fR.
+Pixel information can be read from a frame that is not being displayed.
+.SH
+\fBdi\fR F (C Q) [on off]
+.IP
+The \fId\fRisplay \fIi\fRmage command turns specified frames on (or off).
+Turning a frame off does not erase it.  A frame need not have all colors
+turned on, nor appear in all quadrants of a split screen display.
+.SH
+\fBdg\fR C (F Q) [on off]
+.IP
+The \fId\fRisplay \fIg\fRraphics command turns specific graphics planes
+on or off.  For the IIS display, neither the frame nor the quadrant
+parameters are relevant.  A side-effect of this command is that it
+resets the graphics hardware to the \fIcv\fR standard: red cursor and
+seven graphics planes, each colored differently.  If the display is in
+a "weird" state that is not cured with the \fIreset r/t\fR commands,
+and a \fIreset i\fR would destroy images of interest, try a \fIdg ca on\fR
+command followed by \fIdg ca off\fR.
+.SH
+\fBerase\fR [F all graphics]
+.IP
+This command erases the specified frame, or all the graphics planes, or
+all data planes.  The command \fBclear\fR is a synonym.
+.SH
+\fBmatch\fR (o) (F) (C) (to) (F) (C)
+.IP
+This command allows the user to copy a look-up table to a specified set
+of tables, and hence, to match the mapping function of frames (and/or
+colors) to a reference table.  If the \fBo\fR parameter is omitted, the
+match is among the look-up tables associated with particular frames;
+otherwise, the \fIouput\fR tables are used (hence, the \fBo\fR).  In the
+latter case, only colors are important; the frame information should
+be omitted.  For the individual frame tables, colors can be omitted, in
+which case a match of frame one to two means to copy the three tables
+of frame two (red, green, and blue) to those of frame one.  Only one
+reference frame or color should be given, but \fImatch f23 cgb f1 cr\fR
+is legal and means to match the green and blue color tables of both
+frames two and three to the red table of frame one.
+.SH
+\fBoffset\fR C N
+.IP
+The value N, which can range from -4095 to +4095 is added to the data
+pipeline for color \fBC\fR, thus offsetting the data.  This is useful
+if one needs to change the data range that is mapped into the useful part
+of the output tables.
+.SH
+\fBpan\fR (F)
+.IP
+When invoked, this command connects the trackball to the specified frames
+and allows the user to move (pan/roam/scroll) the image about the screen.
+This function is automatically invoked whenever the zoom factor is changed.
+.SH
+\fBpseudo\fR (o) (F C) (rn sn)
+.IP
+Look-up tables are changed with the \fIwindow\fR and the \fIpseudocolor\fR
+commands.  Windowing provides linear functions and is discussed under that
+command; \fIpseudo\fR provides pseudo-coloring capabilities.  Pseudo-color
+maps are usually best done in the output tables, rather than in the
+look-up tables associated with particular frames; hence, \fBps o\fR is
+the more likely invocation of the start of the command line.  A color
+(or colors) can be specified for "output" pseudocolor, in which case, only
+those colors will be affected.  For frame look-up tables,
+the frame must be specified.
+.IP
+Two mappings are provided.  One uses a set of randomly selected colors
+mapped to a specified number of pixel value ranges.  The other uses
+triangle color mappings.  The former is invoked with the \fI(rn sn)\fR
+options.  In this case, the number following \fBr\fR gives the number of
+ranges/levels into which the input data range is to be divided; to
+each such range, a randomly selected color is assigned.  The number
+following \fBs\fR is a seed for the random number generator;  changing
+this while using the same number of levels gives different color mappings.
+The default seed is the number of levels.  If only the seed is given (\fBr\fR
+omitted), the default number of levels is 8.  This mapping is used when
+a contour type display is desired:  each color represents an intensity range
+whose width is inversely proportional to the number of levels.
+.IP
+The triangle mapping uses a different triangle in each of the three look-up
+tables (either the sets associated with the specified frames, or the output
+tables).  The initial tables map low intensity to blue, middle values to
+green, and high values to red, as shown in the diagram. (The red and blue
+triangles are truncated as their centers are on a table boundary.)
+.sp
+.KS
+.PS
+B: box
+move
+G: box
+move
+R: box
+move to B.sw left 0.375
+line dotted to B.nw
+line dashed to B.s
+move to G.sw
+line dashed to G.n
+line dashed to G.se
+move to R.s
+line dashed to R.ne
+line dotted to R.se right 0.375
+"blue" at B.s below
+"green" at G.s below
+"red" at R.s below
+.PE
+.sp
+.KE
+.IP
+Once invoked, the program then allows the user to adjust the triangle
+mapping.  In
+response to the prompt line, select the color to be changed and move the
+trackball:  the center of the triangle is given by the \fIx\fR cursor
+coordinate and the width by the \fIy\fR coordinate.  Narrow functions
+(small \fIy\fR) allow one to map colors to a limited range of intensity.
+When the mapping is satisfactory, a press of any button "fixes" the
+mapping and the user may then either select another color or exit.
+Before selecting a color, place the cursor at approximately the default
+position for the mapping (or where it was for the last mapping of that
+color under the current command); otherwise, the color map will change
+suddenly when the color is selected via the trackball buttons.
+.SH
+\fBrange\fR N (C) (N C ...)
+.IP
+This command changes the range function in the specified color pipeline
+so that the data is scaled by (divided by) the value \fBN\fR.  For the
+IIS, useful range values are 1,2,4 and 8;  anything else will be changed
+to the next lowest legal value.
+.SH
+\fBreset\fR [r i t a]
+.IP
+Various registers and tables are reset with this command.  If the \fBr\fR
+option is used, the registers are reset.  This means that zoom is set to
+one, all images are centered, split screen is removed, the range values are
+set to one and the offset values are set to zero.  Also, the cursor is
+turned on and its shape is set.  Option \fBi\fR causes all the image and
+graphics planes to be erased and turned off.  Option \fBt\fR resets all
+the look-up tables to their default linear, positive slope, form, and
+removes any color mappings by making all the output tables the same, and
+all the frame specific tables the same.  Option \fBa\fR does \fIall\fR
+the above.
+.SH
+\fBsnap\fR (C)
+.IP
+This command creates an \fIIRAF\fR image file whose contents are a
+512x512 digital snapshot of the image display screen.  If no color
+is specified,
+or if \fIcm\fR (color monochromatic) is given,
+the snapshot is of the \fIblue\fR image, which, if you
+have a black and white image, is the same as the red or the green
+image.  Specifying \fBcg\fR for instance will take a snapshot of the
+image that you would get had you specified \fIcg\fR for each frame
+turned on by the \fIdi\fR command.  Color is of interest only when
+the window or pseudo color commands have made the three colors distinguishable.
+If the "snapped" image is intended to be fed to the Dicomed film
+recorder, a black and white image is all that is usually provided and so
+a color snap is probably not appropriate.
+In the case of the "no color/monochromatic" snap, the graphics planes are
+all added together, while, if a real color is given, only the graphics
+planes that have some of that color are included in the image.
+The color \fBrgb\fR can be
+given, in which case the red, green, and blue images are weighted equally
+to produce a single image file.  This image does not represent well what
+you see, partly because of the equal weight given all colors: some
+mapping of eye sensitivity is probably what is required, but it is not
+implemented.
+.IP
+The program operates by first determining zoom, pan, offset, tables, etc,
+and, for each quadrant of the split screen, which images planes are active.
+Then, for each line of the display, those images are read out from the display's
+memory and the transformations done in hardware are duplicated pixel by pixel
+in software.  The word "active" needs a bit of explanation.  Any image plane
+whose pixels are contributing to the image is active.  No image is active if
+it has been turned off (by the \fIdi\fR) command (or if all images were
+turned off and the one of interest not subsequently turned back on).  If the
+image is all zeroes, or if it is not but split screen is active and the
+part of the image being displayed is all zeroes, it is not contributing to
+the output.  However, the snap program cannot tell that an active image is
+not contributing anything useful,
+and so it dutifully reads out each pixel and adds zeroes to the output.
+The moral of this is that frames of no interest should be (turned) off before
+snap is called (unless you don't have anything better to do than wait for
+computer prompts).  When split screen is active, frames are read only for
+the quadrants in which they are active.
+.IP
+The fastest snaps are for single images that are zoomed but not panned
+and which are displayed (and snapped) in black and white, or snapped
+in a single color.
+.SH
+\fBsplit\fR [c o px,y nx,y]
+.IP
+This command sets the split screen point.  Option \fBc\fR is shorthand for
+\fIcenter\fR, which is the normal selection.  Option \fBo\fR stands for
+\fIorigin\fR, and is the split position that corresponds to no split screen.
+If you wish to specify the split point in pixels, use the \fBpx,y\fR form, in
+which the coordinates are given as integers.  If you prefer to specify
+the point in NDC (which range from 0 though 1.0), use the \fBnx,y\fR form
+in which the coordinates are decimal fractions.
+.IP
+A peculiarity of the IIS hardware is that if no split screen is desired,
+the split point must be moved to the upper left corner of the display, rather
+than to the lower left (the \fIIRAF\fR 1,1 position).  This means that no
+split screen (the \fBo\fR option, or what you get after \fBre r\fR) is really
+split screen with only quadrant \fBfour\fR displayed:  if you use the \fIdi\fR
+command with quadrant specification, only quadrant 4 data will be seen.
+.SH
+\fBtell\fR
+.IP
+This command displays what little it knows about the display status.  At
+present, all it can say is whether any image plane is being displayed, and
+if any are, what is the number of one of them.  This rather weak performance
+is the result of various design decisions both within \fIcv\fR and the
+\fIIRAF\fR display code, and may be improved.
+.SH
+\fBwindow\fR (o) (F C)
+.IP
+This command operates just as the \fIpseudo\fR command, except that it
+applies a linear mapping to the output look-up tables (if option \fBo\fR
+is used) or to the frame specific tables.  The mapping is controlled by
+the trackball, with the \fIy\fR cursor coordinate supplying the slope
+of the map, and \fIx\fR the offset.  If different mappings are given to
+each color, a form of pseudo-color is generated.
+.SH
+\fBwrite\fR [F C] text
+.IP
+This command writes the given text into either an image plane (or planes)
+or into the specified color graphics bit plane(s).  The user is prompted 
+to place the cursor at the (lower left) corner of the text, which is
+then written to the right in roman font.  The user is also asked for
+a text size (default 1.0).  If the text is written into a graphics
+plane, and a \fBsnap\fR is requested with no color specification, then
+text in any graphics plane will be included in the image.  A color snap,
+on the other hand, will include graphics text to the extent that the
+text is displayed in that color.
+Text written into an image plane
+will have the same appearance as any "full on" pixel; that is, text
+in an image plane is written at maximum intensity,
+overwrites the image data,
+and is affected by look-up tables, offsets,
+and so forth, like any other image pixels.
+.SH
+\fBzoom\fR N (F)
+.IP
+This command zooms the display to the power given by \fBN\fR.  For the
+IIS, the power must be 1,2,4, or 8; anything else is changed to the next
+lower legal value.  The model 70 zooms all planes together.  The center
+of the zoom is determined by the cursor position relative to the first
+frame specified (if none, the lowest numbered active one).  Once the zoom
+has taken place, the \fIpan\fR routine is called for the specified frames.