Repatch (from linux) of OSX IRAF

1 files changed, 1371 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/vendor/cfitsio/buffers.c b/vendor/cfitsio/buffers.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d80f462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/cfitsio/buffers.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1371 @@
+/*  This file, buffers.c, contains the core set of FITSIO routines         */
+/*  that use or manage the internal set of IO buffers.                     */
+
+/*  The FITSIO software was written by William Pence at the High Energy    */
+/*  Astrophysic Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) at the NASA      */
+/*  Goddard Space Flight Center.                                           */
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "fitsio2.h"
+
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffmbyt(fitsfile *fptr,    /* I - FITS file pointer                */
+           LONGLONG bytepos,     /* I - byte position in file to move to */
+           int err_mode,      /* I - 1=ignore error, 0 = return error */
+           int *status)       /* IO - error status                    */
+{
+/*
+  Move to the input byte location in the file.  When writing to a file, a move
+  may sometimes be made to a position beyond the current EOF.  The err_mode
+  parameter determines whether such conditions should be returned as an error
+  or simply ignored.
+*/
+    long record;
+
+    if (*status > 0)
+       return(*status);
+
+    if (bytepos < 0)
+        return(*status = NEG_FILE_POS);
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+
+    record = (long) (bytepos / IOBUFLEN);  /* zero-indexed record number */
+
+    /* if this is not the current record, then load it */
+    if ( ((fptr->Fptr)->curbuf < 0) || 
+         (record != (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[(fptr->Fptr)->curbuf])) 
+        ffldrc(fptr, record, err_mode, status);
+
+    if (*status <= 0)
+        (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = bytepos;  /* save new file position */
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffpbyt(fitsfile *fptr,   /* I - FITS file pointer                    */
+           LONGLONG nbytes,      /* I - number of bytes to write             */
+           void *buffer,     /* I - buffer containing the bytes to write */
+           int *status)      /* IO - error status                        */
+/*
+  put (write) the buffer of bytes to the output FITS file, starting at
+  the current file position.  Write large blocks of data directly to disk;
+  write smaller segments to intermediate IO buffers to improve efficiency.
+*/
+{
+    int ii, nbuff;
+    LONGLONG filepos;
+    long recstart, recend;
+    long ntodo, bufpos, nspace, nwrite;
+    char *cptr;
+
+    if (*status > 0)
+       return(*status);
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+
+    cptr = (char *)buffer;
+    ntodo =  (long) nbytes;
+
+    if ((fptr->Fptr)->curbuf < 0)  /* no current data buffer for this file */
+    {                              /* so reload the last one that was used */
+      ffldrc(fptr, (long) (((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos) / IOBUFLEN), REPORT_EOF, status);
+    }
+
+    if (nbytes >= MINDIRECT)
+    {
+      /* write large blocks of data directly to disk instead of via buffers */
+      /* first, fill up the current IO buffer before flushing it to disk */
+
+      nbuff = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;      /* current IO buffer number */
+      filepos = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos;   /* save the write starting position */
+      recstart = (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[nbuff];                 /* starting record */
+      recend = (long) ((filepos + nbytes - 1) / IOBUFLEN);  /* ending record   */
+
+      /* bufpos is the starting position within the IO buffer */
+      bufpos = (long) (filepos - ((LONGLONG)recstart * IOBUFLEN));
+      nspace = IOBUFLEN - bufpos;   /* amount of space left in the buffer */
+
+      if (nspace)
+      { /* fill up the IO buffer */
+        memcpy((fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN) + bufpos, cptr, nspace);
+        ntodo -= nspace;           /* decrement remaining number of bytes */
+        cptr += nspace;            /* increment user buffer pointer */
+        filepos += nspace;         /* increment file position pointer */
+        (fptr->Fptr)->dirty[nbuff] = TRUE;       /* mark record as having been modified */
+      }
+
+      for (ii = 0; ii < NIOBUF; ii++) /* flush any affected buffers to disk */
+      {
+        if ((fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] >= recstart
+            && (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] <= recend )
+        {
+          if ((fptr->Fptr)->dirty[ii])        /* flush modified buffer to disk */
+             ffbfwt(fptr->Fptr, ii, status);
+
+          (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] = -1;  /* disassociate buffer from the file */
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* move to the correct write position */
+      if ((fptr->Fptr)->io_pos != filepos)
+         ffseek(fptr->Fptr, filepos);
+
+      nwrite = ((ntodo - 1) / IOBUFLEN) * IOBUFLEN; /* don't write last buff */
+
+      ffwrite(fptr->Fptr, nwrite, cptr, status); /* write the data */
+      ntodo -= nwrite;                /* decrement remaining number of bytes */
+      cptr += nwrite;                  /* increment user buffer pointer */
+      (fptr->Fptr)->io_pos = filepos + nwrite; /* update the file position */
+
+      if ((fptr->Fptr)->io_pos >= (fptr->Fptr)->filesize) /* at the EOF? */
+      {
+        (fptr->Fptr)->filesize = (fptr->Fptr)->io_pos; /* increment file size */
+
+        /* initialize the current buffer with the correct fill value */
+        if ((fptr->Fptr)->hdutype == ASCII_TBL)
+          memset((fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN), 32, IOBUFLEN);  /* blank fill */
+        else
+          memset((fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN),  0, IOBUFLEN);  /* zero fill */
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        /* read next record */
+        ffread(fptr->Fptr, IOBUFLEN, (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN), status);
+        (fptr->Fptr)->io_pos += IOBUFLEN; 
+      }
+
+      /* copy remaining bytes from user buffer into current IO buffer */
+      memcpy((fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN), cptr, ntodo);
+      (fptr->Fptr)->dirty[nbuff] = TRUE;       /* mark record as having been modified */
+      (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[nbuff] = recend; /* record number */
+
+      (fptr->Fptr)->logfilesize = maxvalue((fptr->Fptr)->logfilesize, 
+                                       (LONGLONG)(recend + 1) * IOBUFLEN);
+      (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = filepos + nwrite + ntodo;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      /* bufpos is the starting position in IO buffer */
+      bufpos = (long) ((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos - ((LONGLONG)(fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[(fptr->Fptr)->curbuf] *
+               IOBUFLEN));
+      nspace = IOBUFLEN - bufpos;   /* amount of space left in the buffer */
+
+      while (ntodo)
+      {
+        nwrite = minvalue(ntodo, nspace);
+
+        /* copy bytes from user's buffer to the IO buffer */
+        memcpy((fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + ((fptr->Fptr)->curbuf * IOBUFLEN) + bufpos, cptr, nwrite);
+        ntodo -= nwrite;            /* decrement remaining number of bytes */
+        cptr += nwrite;
+        (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos += nwrite;  /* increment file position pointer */
+        (fptr->Fptr)->dirty[(fptr->Fptr)->curbuf] = TRUE; /* mark record as modified */
+
+        if (ntodo)                  /* load next record into a buffer */
+        {
+          ffldrc(fptr, (long) ((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos / IOBUFLEN), IGNORE_EOF, status);
+          bufpos = 0;
+          nspace = IOBUFLEN;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffpbytoff(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                   */
+           long gsize,        /* I - size of each group of bytes         */
+           long ngroups,      /* I - number of groups to write           */
+           long offset,       /* I - size of gap between groups          */
+           void *buffer,      /* I - buffer to be written                */
+           int *status)       /* IO - error status                       */
+/*
+  put (write) the buffer of bytes to the output FITS file, with an offset
+  between each group of bytes.  This function combines ffmbyt and ffpbyt
+  for increased efficiency.
+*/
+{
+    int bcurrent;
+    long ii, bufpos, nspace, nwrite, record;
+    char *cptr, *ioptr;
+
+    if (*status > 0)
+       return(*status);
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+
+    if ((fptr->Fptr)->curbuf < 0)  /* no current data buffer for this file */
+    {                              /* so reload the last one that was used */
+      ffldrc(fptr, (long) (((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos) / IOBUFLEN), REPORT_EOF, status);
+    }
+
+    cptr = (char *)buffer;
+    bcurrent = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;     /* number of the current IO buffer */
+    record = (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[bcurrent];  /* zero-indexed record number */
+    bufpos = (long) ((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos - ((LONGLONG)record * IOBUFLEN)); /* start pos */
+    nspace = IOBUFLEN - bufpos;  /* amount of space left in buffer */
+    ioptr = (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (bcurrent * IOBUFLEN) + bufpos;  
+
+    for (ii = 1; ii < ngroups; ii++)  /* write all but the last group */
+    {
+      /* copy bytes from user's buffer to the IO buffer */
+      nwrite = minvalue(gsize, nspace);
+      memcpy(ioptr, cptr, nwrite);
+      cptr += nwrite;          /* increment buffer pointer */
+
+      if (nwrite < gsize)        /* entire group did not fit */
+      {
+        (fptr->Fptr)->dirty[bcurrent] = TRUE;  /* mark record as having been modified */
+        record++;
+        ffldrc(fptr, record, IGNORE_EOF, status);  /* load next record */
+        bcurrent = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;
+        ioptr   = (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (bcurrent * IOBUFLEN);
+
+        nwrite  = gsize - nwrite;
+        memcpy(ioptr, cptr, nwrite);
+        cptr   += nwrite;            /* increment buffer pointer */
+        ioptr  += (offset + nwrite); /* increment IO buffer pointer */
+        nspace = IOBUFLEN - offset - nwrite;  /* amount of space left */
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        ioptr  += (offset + nwrite);  /* increment IO bufer pointer */
+        nspace -= (offset + nwrite);
+      }
+
+      if (nspace <= 0) /* beyond current record? */
+      {
+        (fptr->Fptr)->dirty[bcurrent] = TRUE;
+        record += ((IOBUFLEN - nspace) / IOBUFLEN); /* new record number */
+        ffldrc(fptr, record, IGNORE_EOF, status);
+        bcurrent = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;
+
+        bufpos = (-nspace) % IOBUFLEN; /* starting buffer pos */
+        nspace = IOBUFLEN - bufpos;
+        ioptr = (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (bcurrent * IOBUFLEN) + bufpos;  
+      }
+    }
+      
+    /* now write the last group */
+    nwrite = minvalue(gsize, nspace);
+    memcpy(ioptr, cptr, nwrite);
+    cptr += nwrite;          /* increment buffer pointer */
+
+    if (nwrite < gsize)        /* entire group did not fit */
+    {
+      (fptr->Fptr)->dirty[bcurrent] = TRUE;  /* mark record as having been modified */
+      record++;
+      ffldrc(fptr, record, IGNORE_EOF, status);  /* load next record */
+      bcurrent = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;
+      ioptr   = (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (bcurrent * IOBUFLEN);
+
+      nwrite  = gsize - nwrite;
+      memcpy(ioptr, cptr, nwrite);
+    }
+
+    (fptr->Fptr)->dirty[bcurrent] = TRUE;    /* mark record as having been modified */
+    (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos + (ngroups * gsize)
+                                  + (ngroups - 1) * offset;
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgbyt(fitsfile *fptr,    /* I - FITS file pointer             */
+           LONGLONG nbytes,       /* I - number of bytes to read       */
+           void *buffer,      /* O - buffer to read into           */
+           int *status)       /* IO - error status                 */
+/*
+  get (read) the requested number of bytes from the file, starting at
+  the current file position.  Read large blocks of data directly from disk;
+  read smaller segments via intermediate IO buffers to improve efficiency.
+*/
+{
+    int ii;
+    LONGLONG filepos;
+    long recstart, recend, ntodo, bufpos, nspace, nread;
+    char *cptr;
+
+    if (*status > 0)
+       return(*status);
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+    cptr = (char *)buffer;
+
+    if (nbytes >= MINDIRECT)
+    {
+      /* read large blocks of data directly from disk instead of via buffers */
+      filepos = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos; /* save the read starting position */
+
+/*  note that in this case, ffmbyt has not been called, and so        */
+/*  bufrecnum[(fptr->Fptr)->curbuf] does not point to the intended */
+/*  output buffer */
+
+      recstart = (long) (filepos / IOBUFLEN);               /* starting record */
+      recend = (long) ((filepos + nbytes - 1) / IOBUFLEN);  /* ending record   */
+
+      for (ii = 0; ii < NIOBUF; ii++) /* flush any affected buffers to disk */
+      {
+        if ((fptr->Fptr)->dirty[ii] && 
+            (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] >= recstart && (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] <= recend)
+            {
+              ffbfwt(fptr->Fptr, ii, status);    /* flush modified buffer to disk */
+            }
+      }
+
+       /* move to the correct read position */
+      if ((fptr->Fptr)->io_pos != filepos)
+         ffseek(fptr->Fptr, filepos);
+
+      ffread(fptr->Fptr, (long) nbytes, cptr, status); /* read the data */
+      (fptr->Fptr)->io_pos = filepos + nbytes; /* update the file position */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      /* read small chucks of data using the IO buffers for efficiency */
+
+      if ((fptr->Fptr)->curbuf < 0)  /* no current data buffer for this file */
+      {                              /* so reload the last one that was used */
+        ffldrc(fptr, (long) (((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos) / IOBUFLEN), REPORT_EOF, status);
+      }
+
+      /* bufpos is the starting position in IO buffer */
+      bufpos = (long) ((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos - ((LONGLONG)(fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[(fptr->Fptr)->curbuf] *
+                IOBUFLEN));
+      nspace = IOBUFLEN - bufpos;   /* amount of space left in the buffer */
+
+      ntodo =  (long) nbytes;
+      while (ntodo)
+      {
+        nread  = minvalue(ntodo, nspace);
+
+        /* copy bytes from IO buffer to user's buffer */
+        memcpy(cptr, (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + ((fptr->Fptr)->curbuf * IOBUFLEN) + bufpos, nread);
+        ntodo -= nread;            /* decrement remaining number of bytes */
+        cptr  += nread;
+        (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos += nread;    /* increment file position pointer */
+
+        if (ntodo)                  /* load next record into a buffer */
+        {
+          ffldrc(fptr, (long) ((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos / IOBUFLEN), REPORT_EOF, status);
+          bufpos = 0;
+          nspace = IOBUFLEN;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgbytoff(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                   */
+           long gsize,        /* I - size of each group of bytes         */
+           long ngroups,      /* I - number of groups to read            */
+           long offset,       /* I - size of gap between groups (may be < 0) */
+           void *buffer,      /* I - buffer to be filled                 */
+           int *status)       /* IO - error status                       */
+/*
+  get (read) the requested number of bytes from the file, starting at
+  the current file position.  This function combines ffmbyt and ffgbyt
+  for increased efficiency.
+*/
+{
+    int bcurrent;
+    long ii, bufpos, nspace, nread, record;
+    char *cptr, *ioptr;
+
+    if (*status > 0)
+       return(*status);
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+
+    if ((fptr->Fptr)->curbuf < 0)  /* no current data buffer for this file */
+    {                              /* so reload the last one that was used */
+      ffldrc(fptr, (long) (((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos) / IOBUFLEN), REPORT_EOF, status);
+    }
+
+    cptr = (char *)buffer;
+    bcurrent = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;     /* number of the current IO buffer */
+    record = (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[bcurrent];  /* zero-indexed record number */
+    bufpos = (long) ((fptr->Fptr)->bytepos - ((LONGLONG)record * IOBUFLEN)); /* start pos */
+    nspace = IOBUFLEN - bufpos;  /* amount of space left in buffer */
+    ioptr = (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (bcurrent * IOBUFLEN) + bufpos;  
+
+    for (ii = 1; ii < ngroups; ii++)  /* read all but the last group */
+    {
+      /* copy bytes from IO buffer to the user's buffer */
+      nread = minvalue(gsize, nspace);
+      memcpy(cptr, ioptr, nread);
+      cptr += nread;          /* increment buffer pointer */
+
+      if (nread < gsize)        /* entire group did not fit */
+      {
+        record++;
+        ffldrc(fptr, record, REPORT_EOF, status);  /* load next record */
+        bcurrent = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;
+        ioptr   = (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (bcurrent * IOBUFLEN);
+
+        nread  = gsize - nread;
+        memcpy(cptr, ioptr, nread);
+        cptr   += nread;            /* increment buffer pointer */
+        ioptr  += (offset + nread); /* increment IO buffer pointer */
+        nspace = IOBUFLEN - offset - nread;  /* amount of space left */
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        ioptr  += (offset + nread);  /* increment IO bufer pointer */
+        nspace -= (offset + nread);
+      }
+
+      if (nspace <= 0 || nspace > IOBUFLEN) /* beyond current record? */
+      {
+        if (nspace <= 0)
+        {
+          record += ((IOBUFLEN - nspace) / IOBUFLEN); /* new record number */
+          bufpos = (-nspace) % IOBUFLEN; /* starting buffer pos */
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          record -= ((nspace - 1 ) / IOBUFLEN); /* new record number */
+          bufpos = IOBUFLEN - (nspace % IOBUFLEN); /* starting buffer pos */
+        }
+
+        ffldrc(fptr, record, REPORT_EOF, status);
+        bcurrent = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;
+
+        nspace = IOBUFLEN - bufpos;
+        ioptr = (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (bcurrent * IOBUFLEN) + bufpos;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* now read the last group */
+    nread = minvalue(gsize, nspace);
+    memcpy(cptr, ioptr, nread);
+    cptr += nread;          /* increment buffer pointer */
+
+    if (nread < gsize)        /* entire group did not fit */
+    {
+      record++;
+      ffldrc(fptr, record, REPORT_EOF, status);  /* load next record */
+      bcurrent = (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf;
+      ioptr   = (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (bcurrent * IOBUFLEN);
+
+      nread  = gsize - nread;
+      memcpy(cptr, ioptr, nread);
+    }
+
+    (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos + (ngroups * gsize)
+                                  + (ngroups - 1) * offset;
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffldrc(fitsfile *fptr,        /* I - FITS file pointer             */
+           long record,           /* I - record number to be loaded    */
+           int err_mode,          /* I - 1=ignore EOF, 0 = return EOF error */
+           int *status)           /* IO - error status                 */
+{
+/*
+  low-level routine to load a specified record from a file into
+  a physical buffer, if it is not already loaded.  Reset all
+  pointers to make this the new current record for that file.
+  Update ages of all the physical buffers.
+*/
+    int ibuff, nbuff;
+    LONGLONG rstart;
+
+    /* check if record is already loaded in one of the buffers */
+    /* search from youngest to oldest buffer for efficiency */
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+
+    for (ibuff = NIOBUF - 1; ibuff >= 0; ibuff--)
+    {
+      nbuff = (fptr->Fptr)->ageindex[ibuff];
+      if (record == (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[nbuff]) {
+         goto updatebuf;  /* use 'goto' for efficiency */
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* record is not already loaded */
+    rstart = (LONGLONG)record * IOBUFLEN;
+
+    if ( !err_mode && (rstart >= (fptr->Fptr)->logfilesize) )  /* EOF? */
+         return(*status = END_OF_FILE);
+
+    if (ffwhbf(fptr, &nbuff) < 0)  /* which buffer should we reuse? */
+       return(*status = TOO_MANY_FILES); 
+
+    if ((fptr->Fptr)->dirty[nbuff])
+       ffbfwt(fptr->Fptr, nbuff, status); /* write dirty buffer to disk */
+
+    if (rstart >= (fptr->Fptr)->filesize)  /* EOF? */
+    {
+      /* initialize an empty buffer with the correct fill value */
+      if ((fptr->Fptr)->hdutype == ASCII_TBL)
+         memset((fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN), 32, IOBUFLEN); /* blank fill */
+      else
+         memset((fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN),  0, IOBUFLEN);  /* zero fill */
+
+      (fptr->Fptr)->logfilesize = maxvalue((fptr->Fptr)->logfilesize, 
+              rstart + IOBUFLEN);
+
+      (fptr->Fptr)->dirty[nbuff] = TRUE;  /* mark record as having been modified */
+    }
+    else  /* not EOF, so read record from disk */
+    {
+      if ((fptr->Fptr)->io_pos != rstart)
+           ffseek(fptr->Fptr, rstart);
+
+      ffread(fptr->Fptr, IOBUFLEN, (fptr->Fptr)->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN), status);
+      (fptr->Fptr)->io_pos = rstart + IOBUFLEN;  /* set new IO position */
+    }
+
+    (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[nbuff] = record;   /* record number contained in buffer */
+
+updatebuf:
+
+    (fptr->Fptr)->curbuf = nbuff; /* this is the current buffer for this file */
+
+    if (ibuff < 0)
+    { 
+      /* find the current position of the buffer in the age index */
+      for (ibuff = 0; ibuff < NIOBUF; ibuff++)
+         if ((fptr->Fptr)->ageindex[ibuff] == nbuff)
+            break;  
+    }
+
+    /* increment the age of all the buffers that were younger than it */
+    for (ibuff++; ibuff < NIOBUF; ibuff++)
+      (fptr->Fptr)->ageindex[ibuff - 1] = (fptr->Fptr)->ageindex[ibuff];
+
+    (fptr->Fptr)->ageindex[NIOBUF - 1] = nbuff; /* this is now the youngest buffer */
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffwhbf(fitsfile *fptr,        /* I - FITS file pointer             */
+           int *nbuff)            /* O - which buffer to use           */
+{
+/*
+  decide which buffer to (re)use to hold a new file record
+*/
+        return(*nbuff = (fptr->Fptr)->ageindex[0]);  /* return oldest buffer */
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffflus(fitsfile *fptr,   /* I - FITS file pointer                       */
+           int *status)      /* IO - error status                           */
+/*
+  Flush all the data in the current FITS file to disk. This ensures that if
+  the program subsequently dies, the disk FITS file will be closed correctly.
+*/
+{
+    int hdunum, hdutype;
+
+    if (*status > 0)
+        return(*status);
+
+    ffghdn(fptr, &hdunum);     /* get the current HDU number */
+
+    if (ffchdu(fptr,status) > 0)   /* close out the current HDU */
+        ffpmsg("ffflus could not close the current HDU.");
+
+    ffflsh(fptr, FALSE, status);  /* flush any modified IO buffers to disk */
+
+    if (ffgext(fptr, hdunum - 1, &hdutype, status) > 0) /* reopen HDU */
+        ffpmsg("ffflus could not reopen the current HDU.");
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffflsh(fitsfile *fptr,        /* I - FITS file pointer           */
+           int clearbuf,          /* I - also clear buffer contents? */
+           int *status)           /* IO - error status               */
+{
+/*
+  flush all dirty IO buffers associated with the file to disk
+*/
+    int ii;
+
+/*
+   no need to move to a different HDU
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+*/
+    for (ii = 0; ii < NIOBUF; ii++)
+    {
+	/* flush modified buffer to disk */
+        if ((fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] >= 0 &&(fptr->Fptr)->dirty[ii])
+           ffbfwt(fptr->Fptr, ii, status);
+
+        if (clearbuf)
+          (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] = -1;  /* set contents of buffer as undefined */
+    }
+
+    if (*status != READONLY_FILE)
+      ffflushx(fptr->Fptr);  /* flush system buffers to disk */
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffbfeof(fitsfile *fptr,        /* I - FITS file pointer           */
+           int *status)           /* IO - error status               */
+{
+/*
+  clear any buffers beyond the end of file
+*/
+    int ii;
+
+    for (ii = 0; ii < NIOBUF; ii++)
+    {
+        if ( (LONGLONG) (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] * IOBUFLEN >= fptr->Fptr->filesize)
+        {
+            (fptr->Fptr)->bufrecnum[ii] = -1;  /* set contents of buffer as undefined */
+        }
+    }
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffbfwt(FITSfile *Fptr,        /* I - FITS file pointer           */
+           int nbuff,             /* I - which buffer to write          */
+           int *status)           /* IO - error status                  */
+{
+/*
+  write contents of buffer to file;  If the position of the buffer
+  is beyond the current EOF, then the file may need to be extended
+  with fill values, and/or with the contents of some of the other
+  i/o buffers.
+*/
+    int  ii,ibuff;
+    long jj, irec, minrec, nloop;
+    LONGLONG filepos;
+
+    static char zeros[IOBUFLEN];  /*  initialized to zero by default */
+
+    if (!(Fptr->writemode) )
+    {
+        ffpmsg("Error: trying to write to READONLY file.");
+        if (Fptr->driver == 8) {  /* gzip compressed file */
+	  ffpmsg("Cannot write to a GZIP or COMPRESS compressed file.");
+	}
+        Fptr->dirty[nbuff] = FALSE;  /* reset buffer status to prevent later probs */
+        *status = READONLY_FILE;
+        return(*status);
+    }
+
+    filepos = (LONGLONG)Fptr->bufrecnum[nbuff] * IOBUFLEN;
+
+    if (filepos <= Fptr->filesize)
+    {
+      /* record is located within current file, so just write it */
+
+      /* move to the correct write position */
+      if (Fptr->io_pos != filepos)
+         ffseek(Fptr, filepos);
+
+      ffwrite(Fptr, IOBUFLEN, Fptr->iobuffer + (nbuff * IOBUFLEN), status);
+      Fptr->io_pos = filepos + IOBUFLEN;
+
+      if (filepos == Fptr->filesize)   /* appended new record? */
+         Fptr->filesize += IOBUFLEN;   /* increment the file size */
+
+      Fptr->dirty[nbuff] = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    else  /* if record is beyond the EOF, append any other records */ 
+          /* and/or insert fill values if necessary */
+    {
+      /* move to EOF */
+      if (Fptr->io_pos != Fptr->filesize)
+         ffseek(Fptr, Fptr->filesize);
+
+      ibuff = NIOBUF;  /* initialize to impossible value */
+      while(ibuff != nbuff) /* repeat until requested buffer is written */
+      {
+        minrec = (long) (Fptr->filesize / IOBUFLEN);
+
+        /* write lowest record beyond the EOF first */
+
+        irec = Fptr->bufrecnum[nbuff]; /* initially point to the requested buffer */
+        ibuff = nbuff;
+
+        for (ii = 0; ii < NIOBUF; ii++)
+        {
+          if (Fptr->bufrecnum[ii] >= minrec &&
+            Fptr->bufrecnum[ii] < irec)
+          {
+            irec = Fptr->bufrecnum[ii];  /* found a lower record */
+            ibuff = ii;
+          }
+        }
+
+        filepos = (LONGLONG)irec * IOBUFLEN;  /* byte offset of record in file */
+
+        /* append 1 or more fill records if necessary */
+        if (filepos > Fptr->filesize)
+        {                    
+          nloop = (long) ((filepos - (Fptr->filesize)) / IOBUFLEN); 
+          for (jj = 0; jj < nloop && !(*status); jj++)
+            ffwrite(Fptr, IOBUFLEN, zeros, status);
+
+/*
+ffseek(Fptr, filepos);
+*/
+          Fptr->filesize = filepos;   /* increment the file size */
+        } 
+
+        /* write the buffer itself */
+        ffwrite(Fptr, IOBUFLEN, Fptr->iobuffer + (ibuff * IOBUFLEN), status);
+        Fptr->dirty[ibuff] = FALSE;
+
+        Fptr->filesize += IOBUFLEN;     /* increment the file size */
+      } /* loop back if more buffers need to be written */
+
+      Fptr->io_pos = Fptr->filesize;  /* currently positioned at EOF */
+    }
+
+    return(*status);       
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgrsz( fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pionter                        */
+            long *ndata,    /* O - optimal amount of data to access         */
+            int  *status)   /* IO - error status                            */
+/*
+  Returns an optimal value for the number of rows in a binary table
+  or the number of pixels in an image that should be read or written
+  at one time for maximum efficiency. Accessing more data than this
+  may cause excessive flushing and rereading of buffers to/from disk.
+*/
+{
+    int typecode, bytesperpixel;
+
+    /* There are NIOBUF internal buffers available each IOBUFLEN bytes long. */
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+    else if ((fptr->Fptr)->datastart == DATA_UNDEFINED)
+      if ( ffrdef(fptr, status) > 0)   /* rescan header to get hdu struct */
+           return(*status);
+
+    if ((fptr->Fptr)->hdutype == IMAGE_HDU ) /* calc pixels per buffer size */
+    {
+      /* image pixels are in column 2 of the 'table' */
+      ffgtcl(fptr, 2, &typecode, NULL, NULL, status);
+      bytesperpixel = typecode / 10;
+      *ndata = ((NIOBUF - 1) * IOBUFLEN) / bytesperpixel;
+    }
+    else   /* calc number of rows that fit in buffers */
+    {
+      *ndata = (long) (((NIOBUF - 1) * IOBUFLEN) / maxvalue(1,
+               (fptr->Fptr)->rowlength));
+      *ndata = maxvalue(1, *ndata); 
+    }
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgtbb(fitsfile *fptr,        /* I - FITS file pointer                 */
+           LONGLONG firstrow,         /* I - starting row (1 = first row)      */
+           LONGLONG firstchar,        /* I - starting byte in row (1=first)    */
+           LONGLONG nchars,           /* I - number of bytes to read           */
+           unsigned char *values, /* I - array of bytes to read            */
+           int *status)           /* IO - error status                     */
+/*
+  read a consecutive string of bytes from an ascii or binary table.
+  This will span multiple rows of the table if nchars + firstchar is
+  greater than the length of a row.
+*/
+{
+    LONGLONG bytepos, endrow;
+
+    if (*status > 0 || nchars <= 0)
+        return(*status);
+
+    else if (firstrow < 1)
+        return(*status=BAD_ROW_NUM);
+
+    else if (firstchar < 1)
+        return(*status=BAD_ELEM_NUM);
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+
+    /* check that we do not exceed number of rows in the table */
+    endrow = ((firstchar + nchars - 2) / (fptr->Fptr)->rowlength) + firstrow;
+    if (endrow > (fptr->Fptr)->numrows)
+    {
+        ffpmsg("attempt to read past end of table (ffgtbb)");
+        return(*status=BAD_ROW_NUM);
+    }
+
+    /* move the i/o pointer to the start of the sequence of characters */
+    bytepos = (fptr->Fptr)->datastart +
+              ((fptr->Fptr)->rowlength * (firstrow - 1)) +
+              firstchar - 1;
+
+    ffmbyt(fptr, bytepos, REPORT_EOF, status);
+    ffgbyt(fptr, nchars, values, status);  /* read the bytes */
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgi1b(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                         */
+           LONGLONG byteloc,  /* I - position within file to start reading     */
+           long nvals,     /* I - number of pixels to read                  */
+           long incre,     /* I - byte increment between pixels             */
+           unsigned char *values, /* O - returned array of values           */
+           int *status)    /* IO - error status                             */
+/*
+  get (read) the array of values from the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+    LONGLONG postemp;
+
+    if (incre == 1)      /* read all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+    {
+        if (nvals < MINDIRECT)  /* read normally via IO buffers */
+        {
+           ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals, values, status);
+        }
+        else            /* read directly from disk, bypassing IO buffers */
+        {
+           postemp = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos;   /* store current file position */
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = byteloc;   /* set to the desired position */
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals, values, status);
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = postemp;   /* reset to original position */
+        }
+    }
+    else         /* have to read each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+    {
+        ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+        ffgbytoff(fptr, 1, nvals, incre - 1, values, status);
+    }
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgi2b(fitsfile *fptr,  /* I - FITS file pointer                        */
+           LONGLONG byteloc,   /* I - position within file to start reading    */
+           long nvals,      /* I - number of pixels to read                 */
+           long incre,      /* I - byte increment between pixels            */
+           short *values,   /* O - returned array of values                 */
+           int *status)     /* IO - error status                            */
+/*
+  get (read) the array of values from the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+    LONGLONG postemp;
+
+    if (incre == 2)      /* read all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+    {
+        if (nvals * 2 < MINDIRECT)  /* read normally via IO buffers */
+        {
+           ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 2, values, status);
+        }
+        else            /* read directly from disk, bypassing IO buffers */
+        {
+           postemp = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos;   /* store current file position */
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = byteloc;   /* set to the desired position */
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 2, values, status);
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = postemp;   /* reset to original position */
+        }
+    }
+    else         /* have to read each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+    {
+        ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+        ffgbytoff(fptr, 2, nvals, incre - 2, values, status);
+    }
+
+#if BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap2(values, nvals);    /* reverse order of bytes in each value */
+#endif
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgi4b(fitsfile *fptr,  /* I - FITS file pointer                        */
+           LONGLONG byteloc,   /* I - position within file to start reading    */
+           long nvals,      /* I - number of pixels to read                 */
+           long incre,      /* I - byte increment between pixels            */
+           INT32BIT *values, /* O - returned array of values                */
+           int *status)     /* IO - error status                            */
+/*
+  get (read) the array of values from the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+    LONGLONG postemp;
+
+    if (incre == 4)      /* read all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+    {
+        if (nvals * 4 < MINDIRECT)  /* read normally via IO buffers */
+        {
+           ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 4, values, status);
+        }
+        else            /* read directly from disk, bypassing IO buffers */
+        {
+           postemp = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos;   /* store current file position */
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = byteloc;   /* set to the desired position */
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 4, values, status);
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = postemp;   /* reset to original position */
+        }
+    }
+    else         /* have to read each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+    {
+        ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+        ffgbytoff(fptr, 4, nvals, incre - 4, values, status);
+    }
+
+#if BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap4(values, nvals);    /* reverse order of bytes in each value */
+#endif
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgi8b(fitsfile *fptr,  /* I - FITS file pointer                        */
+           LONGLONG byteloc,   /* I - position within file to start reading    */
+           long nvals,      /* I - number of pixels to read                 */
+           long incre,      /* I - byte increment between pixels            */
+           long *values,  /* O - returned array of values                 */
+           int *status)     /* IO - error status                            */
+/*
+  get (read) the array of values from the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+
+  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+  This routine reads 'nvals' 8-byte integers into 'values'.
+  This works both on platforms that have sizeof(long) = 64, and 32,
+  as long as 'values' has been allocated to large enough to hold
+  8 * nvals bytes of data.
+  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+*/
+{
+    LONGLONG  postemp;
+
+    if (incre == 8)      /* read all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+    {
+        if (nvals * 8 < MINDIRECT)  /* read normally via IO buffers */
+        {
+           ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 8, values, status);
+        }
+        else            /* read directly from disk, bypassing IO buffers */
+        {
+           postemp = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos;   /* store current file position */
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = byteloc;   /* set to the desired position */
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 8, values, status);
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = postemp;   /* reset to original position */
+        }
+    }
+    else         /* have to read each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+    {
+        ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+        ffgbytoff(fptr, 8, nvals, incre - 8, values, status);
+    }
+
+#if BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap8((double *) values, nvals); /* reverse bytes in each value */
+#endif
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgr4b(fitsfile *fptr,  /* I - FITS file pointer                        */
+           LONGLONG byteloc,   /* I - position within file to start reading    */
+           long nvals,      /* I - number of pixels to read                 */
+           long incre,      /* I - byte increment between pixels            */
+           float *values,   /* O - returned array of values                 */
+           int *status)     /* IO - error status                            */
+/*
+  get (read) the array of values from the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+    LONGLONG postemp;
+
+#if MACHINE == VAXVMS
+    long ii;
+
+#elif (MACHINE == ALPHAVMS) && (FLOATTYPE == GFLOAT)
+    short *sptr;
+    long ii;
+
+#endif
+
+
+    if (incre == 4)      /* read all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+    {
+        if (nvals * 4 < MINDIRECT)  /* read normally via IO buffers */
+        {
+           ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 4, values, status);
+        }
+        else            /* read directly from disk, bypassing IO buffers */
+        {
+           postemp = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos;   /* store current file position */
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = byteloc;   /* set to the desired position */
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 4, values, status);
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = postemp;   /* reset to original position */
+        }
+    }
+    else         /* have to read each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+    {
+        ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+        ffgbytoff(fptr, 4, nvals, incre - 4, values, status);
+    }
+
+
+#if MACHINE == VAXVMS
+
+    ii = nvals;                      /* call VAX macro routine to convert */
+    ieevur(values, values, &ii);     /* from  IEEE float -> F float       */
+
+#elif (MACHINE == ALPHAVMS) && (FLOATTYPE == GFLOAT)
+
+    ffswap2( (short *) values, nvals * 2);  /* swap pairs of bytes */
+
+    /* convert from IEEE float format to VMS GFLOAT float format */
+    sptr = (short *) values;
+    for (ii = 0; ii < nvals; ii++, sptr += 2)
+    {
+        if (!fnan(*sptr) )  /* test for NaN or underflow */
+            values[ii] *= 4.0;
+    }
+
+#elif BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap4((INT32BIT *)values, nvals);  /* reverse order of bytes in values */
+#endif
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffgr8b(fitsfile *fptr,  /* I - FITS file pointer                        */
+           LONGLONG byteloc,   /* I - position within file to start reading    */
+           long nvals,      /* I - number of pixels to read                 */
+           long incre,      /* I - byte increment between pixels            */
+           double *values,  /* O - returned array of values                 */
+           int *status)     /* IO - error status                            */
+/*
+  get (read) the array of values from the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+    LONGLONG  postemp;
+
+#if MACHINE == VAXVMS
+    long ii;
+
+#elif (MACHINE == ALPHAVMS) && (FLOATTYPE == GFLOAT)
+    short *sptr;
+    long ii;
+
+#endif
+
+    if (incre == 8)      /* read all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+    {
+        if (nvals * 8 < MINDIRECT)  /* read normally via IO buffers */
+        {
+           ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 8, values, status);
+        }
+        else            /* read directly from disk, bypassing IO buffers */
+        {
+           postemp = (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos;   /* store current file position */
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = byteloc;   /* set to the desired position */
+           ffgbyt(fptr, nvals * 8, values, status);
+           (fptr->Fptr)->bytepos = postemp;   /* reset to original position */
+        }
+    }
+    else         /* have to read each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+    {
+        ffmbyt(fptr, byteloc, REPORT_EOF, status);
+        ffgbytoff(fptr, 8, nvals, incre - 8, values, status);
+    }
+
+#if MACHINE == VAXVMS
+    ii = nvals;                      /* call VAX macro routine to convert */
+    ieevud(values, values, &ii);     /* from  IEEE float -> D float       */
+
+#elif (MACHINE == ALPHAVMS) && (FLOATTYPE == GFLOAT)
+    ffswap2( (short *) values, nvals * 4);  /* swap pairs of bytes */
+
+    /* convert from IEEE float format to VMS GFLOAT float format */
+    sptr = (short *) values;
+    for (ii = 0; ii < nvals; ii++, sptr += 4)
+    {
+        if (!dnan(*sptr) )  /* test for NaN or underflow */
+            values[ii] *= 4.0;
+    }
+
+#elif BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap8(values, nvals);   /* reverse order of bytes in each value */
+#endif
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffptbb(fitsfile *fptr,        /* I - FITS file pointer                 */
+           LONGLONG firstrow,         /* I - starting row (1 = first row)      */
+           LONGLONG firstchar,        /* I - starting byte in row (1=first)    */
+           LONGLONG nchars,           /* I - number of bytes to write          */
+           unsigned char *values, /* I - array of bytes to write           */
+           int *status)           /* IO - error status                     */
+/*
+  write a consecutive string of bytes to an ascii or binary table.
+  This will span multiple rows of the table if nchars + firstchar is
+  greater than the length of a row.
+*/
+{
+    LONGLONG bytepos, endrow, nrows;
+    char message[81];
+
+    if (*status > 0 || nchars <= 0)
+        return(*status);
+
+    else if (firstrow < 1)
+        return(*status=BAD_ROW_NUM);
+
+    else if (firstchar < 1)
+        return(*status=BAD_ELEM_NUM);
+
+    if (fptr->HDUposition != (fptr->Fptr)->curhdu)
+        ffmahd(fptr, (fptr->HDUposition) + 1, NULL, status);
+    else if ((fptr->Fptr)->datastart < 0) /* rescan header if data undefined */
+        ffrdef(fptr, status);
+
+    endrow = ((firstchar + nchars - 2) / (fptr->Fptr)->rowlength) + firstrow;
+
+    /* check if we are writing beyond the current end of table */
+    if (endrow > (fptr->Fptr)->numrows)
+    {
+        /* if there are more HDUs following the current one, or */
+        /* if there is a data heap, then we must insert space */
+        /* for the new rows.  */
+        if ( !((fptr->Fptr)->lasthdu) || (fptr->Fptr)->heapsize > 0)
+        {
+            nrows = endrow - ((fptr->Fptr)->numrows);
+
+            /* ffirow also updates the heap address and numrows */
+            if (ffirow(fptr, (fptr->Fptr)->numrows, nrows, status) > 0)
+            {
+                 sprintf(message,
+                 "ffptbb failed to add space for %.0f new rows in table.",
+                         (double) nrows);
+                 ffpmsg(message);
+                 return(*status);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* manally update heap starting address */
+            (fptr->Fptr)->heapstart += 
+            ((LONGLONG)(endrow - (fptr->Fptr)->numrows) * 
+                    (fptr->Fptr)->rowlength );
+
+            (fptr->Fptr)->numrows = endrow; /* update number of rows */
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* move the i/o pointer to the start of the sequence of characters */
+    bytepos = (fptr->Fptr)->datastart +
+              ((fptr->Fptr)->rowlength * (firstrow - 1)) +
+              firstchar - 1;
+
+    ffmbyt(fptr, bytepos, IGNORE_EOF, status);
+    ffpbyt(fptr, nchars, values, status);  /* write the bytes */
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffpi1b(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                         */
+           long nvals,     /* I - number of pixels in the values array      */
+           long incre,     /* I - byte increment between pixels             */
+           unsigned char *values, /* I - array of values to write           */
+           int *status)    /* IO - error status                             */
+/*
+  put (write) the array of values to the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+    if (incre == 1)      /* write all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+
+        ffpbyt(fptr, nvals, values, status);
+
+    else         /* have to write each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+
+        ffpbytoff(fptr, 1, nvals, incre - 1, values, status);
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffpi2b(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                         */
+           long nvals,     /* I - number of pixels in the values array      */
+           long incre,     /* I - byte increment between pixels             */
+           short *values,  /* I - array of values to write                  */
+           int *status)    /* IO - error status                             */
+/*
+  put (write) the array of values to the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+#if BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap2(values, nvals);  /* reverse order of bytes in each value */
+#endif
+
+    if (incre == 2)      /* write all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+
+        ffpbyt(fptr, nvals * 2, values, status);
+
+    else         /* have to write each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+
+        ffpbytoff(fptr, 2, nvals, incre - 2, values, status);
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffpi4b(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                         */
+           long nvals,     /* I - number of pixels in the values array      */
+           long incre,     /* I - byte increment between pixels             */
+           INT32BIT *values, /* I - array of values to write                */
+           int *status)    /* IO - error status                             */
+/*
+  put (write) the array of values to the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+#if BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap4(values, nvals);    /* reverse order of bytes in each value */
+#endif
+
+    if (incre == 4)      /* write all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+
+        ffpbyt(fptr, nvals * 4, values, status);
+
+    else         /* have to write each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+
+        ffpbytoff(fptr, 4, nvals, incre - 4, values, status);
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffpi8b(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                         */
+           long nvals,     /* I - number of pixels in the values array      */
+           long incre,     /* I - byte increment between pixels             */
+           long *values,   /* I - array of values to write                */
+           int *status)    /* IO - error status                             */
+/*
+  put (write) the array of values to the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+
+  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+  This routine writes 'nvals' 8-byte integers from 'values'.
+  This works both on platforms that have sizeof(long) = 64, and 32,
+  as long as 'values' has been allocated to large enough to hold
+  8 * nvals bytes of data.
+  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+*/
+{
+#if BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap8((double *) values, nvals);    /* reverse bytes in each value */
+#endif
+
+    if (incre == 8)      /* write all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+
+        ffpbyt(fptr, nvals * 8, values, status);
+
+    else         /* have to write each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+
+        ffpbytoff(fptr, 8, nvals, incre - 8, values, status);
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffpr4b(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                         */
+           long nvals,     /* I - number of pixels in the values array      */
+           long incre,     /* I - byte increment between pixels             */
+           float *values,  /* I - array of values to write                  */
+           int *status)    /* IO - error status                             */
+/*
+  put (write) the array of values to the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+#if MACHINE == VAXVMS
+    long ii;
+
+    ii = nvals;                      /* call VAX macro routine to convert */
+    ieevpr(values, values, &ii);     /* from F float -> IEEE float        */
+
+#elif (MACHINE == ALPHAVMS) && (FLOATTYPE == GFLOAT)
+    long ii;
+
+    /* convert from VMS FFLOAT float format to IEEE float format */
+    for (ii = 0; ii < nvals; ii++)
+        values[ii] *= 0.25;
+
+    ffswap2( (short *) values, nvals * 2);  /* swap pairs of bytes */
+
+#elif BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap4((INT32BIT *) values, nvals); /* reverse order of bytes in values */
+#endif
+
+    if (incre == 4)      /* write all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+
+        ffpbyt(fptr, nvals * 4, values, status);
+
+    else         /* have to write each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+
+        ffpbytoff(fptr, 4, nvals, incre - 4, values, status);
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+int ffpr8b(fitsfile *fptr, /* I - FITS file pointer                         */
+           long nvals,     /* I - number of pixels in the values array      */
+           long incre,     /* I - byte increment between pixels             */
+           double *values, /* I - array of values to write                  */
+           int *status)    /* IO - error status                             */
+/*
+  put (write) the array of values to the FITS file, doing machine dependent
+  format conversion (e.g. byte-swapping) if necessary.
+*/
+{
+#if MACHINE == VAXVMS
+    long ii;
+
+    ii = nvals;                      /* call VAX macro routine to convert */
+    ieevpd(values, values, &ii);     /* from D float -> IEEE float        */
+
+#elif (MACHINE == ALPHAVMS) && (FLOATTYPE == GFLOAT)
+    long ii;
+
+    /* convert from VMS GFLOAT float format to IEEE float format */
+    for (ii = 0; ii < nvals; ii++)
+        values[ii] *= 0.25;
+
+    ffswap2( (short *) values, nvals * 4);  /* swap pairs of bytes */
+
+#elif BYTESWAPPED
+    ffswap8(values, nvals); /* reverse order of bytes in each value */
+#endif
+
+    if (incre == 8)      /* write all the values at once (contiguous bytes) */
+
+        ffpbyt(fptr, nvals * 8, values, status);
+
+    else         /* have to write each value individually (not contiguous ) */
+
+        ffpbytoff(fptr, 8, nvals, incre - 8, values, status);
+
+    return(*status);
+}
+