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.help magnify Dec98 images.imgeom
.ih
NAME
magnify -- interpolate two dimensional images
.ih
USAGE
.nf
magnify input output xmag ymag
.fi
.ih
PARAMETERS
.ls input
List of one or two dimensional images to be magnified. Image sections are
allowed. Images with an axis containing only one pixel are not magnified.
.le
.ls output
List of output image names. If the output image name is the same as the input
image name then the magnified image replaces the input image.
.le
.ls xmag, ymag
The magnification factors for the first and second image dimensions
respectively. The magnifications need not be integers. Magnifications
greater than 1 increase the size of the image while negative magnifications
less than -1 decrease the size by the specified factor. Magnifications
between -1 and 1 are interpreted as reciprocal magnifications.
.le
.ls x1 = INDEF, x2 = INDEF
The starting and ending coordinates in x in the input image which become
the first and last pixel in x in the magnified image. The values need not
be integers. If indefinite the values default to the first and last pixel
in x of the input image; i.e. a value of 1 and nx.
.le
.ls y1 = INDEF, y2 = INDEF
The starting and ending coordinates in y in the input image which become
the first and last pixel in y in the magnified image. The values need not
be integers. If indefinite the values default to the first and last pixel
in y of the input image; i.e. a value of 1 and ny.
.le
.ls dx = INDEF, dy = INDEF
The intervals between the output pixels in terms of the input image.
The values need not be integers. If these values are specified they
override the magnification factors.
.le
.ls interpolant = "linear"
The interpolant used for rebinning the image.
The choices are the following.
.ls nearest
Nearest neighbor.
.le
.ls linear
Bilinear interpolation in x and y.
.le
.ls poly3
Third order polynomial in x and y.
.le
.ls poly5
Fifth order polynomial in x and y.
.le
.ls spline3
Bicubic spline.
.le
.ls sinc
2D sinc interpolation. Users can specify the sinc interpolant width by
appending a width value to the interpolant string, e.g. sinc51 specifies
a 51 by 51 pixel wide sinc interpolant. The sinc width will be rounded up to
the nearest odd number. The default sinc width is 31 by 31.
.le
.ls lsinc
Look-up table sinc interpolation. Users can specify the look-up table sinc
interpolant width by appending a width value to the interpolant string, e.g.
lsinc51 specifies a 51 by 51 pixel wide look-up table sinc interpolant. The user
supplied sinc width will be rounded up to the nearest odd number. The default
sinc width is 31 by 31 pixels. Users can specify the resolution of the lookup
table sinc by appending the look-up table size in square brackets to the
interpolant string, e.g. lsinc51[20] specifies a 20 by 20 element sinc
look-up table interpolant with a pixel resolution of 0.05 pixels in x and y.
The default look-up table size and resolution are 20 by 20 and 0.05 pixels
in x and y respectively.
.le
.ls drizzle
2D drizzle resampling. Users can specify the drizzle pixel fraction in x and y
by appending a value between 0.0 and 1.0 in square brackets to the
interpolant string, e.g. drizzle[0.5]. The default value is 1.0.
The value 0.0 is increased internally to 0.001. Drizzle resampling
with a pixel fraction of 1.0 in x and y is equivalent to fractional pixel
block summing (fluxconserve = yes) or averaging (flux_conserve = no) if
xmag and ymag are < 1.0.
.le
.le
.ls boundary = "nearest"
Boundary extension type for references to pixels outside the bounds of the
input image. The choices are:
.ls nearest
Use the value of the nearest boundary pixel.
.le
.ls constant
Use a constant value.
.le
.ls reflect
Generate value by reflecting about the boundary.
.le
.ls wrap
Generate a value by wrapping around to the opposite side of the image.
.le
.le
.ls constant = 0.
Constant value for constant boundary extension.
.le
.ls fluxconserve = yes
Preserve the total image flux.
.le
.ls logfile = STDOUT
Log file for recording information about the magnification. A null
logfile may be used to turn off log information.
.le
.ih
DESCRIPTION
The list of input images are expanded or contracted by interpolation
to form the output images. The output image names are specified by the
output list. The number of output image names must be the
same as the number of input images. An output image name may be the same
as the corresponding input image in which case the magnified image replaces
the input image. The input images must be one or two dimensional and each
axis must be of at least length 2 (i.e. there have to be distinct
endpoints between which to interpolate).
The magnification factor determines the pixel step size or interval.
Positive magnifications are related to the step size as the reciprocal;
for example a magnification of 2.5 implies a step size of .4 and a
magnification of .2 implies a step size of 5. Negative magnifications
are related to the step size as the absolute value; for example a
magnification of -2.2 implies a step size of 2.2. This definition
frees the user from dealing with reciprocals and irrational numbers.
Note that the step size may be specified directly with the parameters
\fIdx\fR and \fIdy\fR, in which case the magnification factor is
not required.
If fluxconserve = yes, the magnification is approximately flux conserving
in that the image values are scaled by the ratio of the output to the input
pixel areas; i.e dx * dy.
In the default case with only the magnifications specified the full
image is expanded or contracted. By specifying additional parameters
the size and origin of the output image may be changed. Only those
parameters to be fixed need to be specified and the values of the
remaining parameters are either determined from these values or
default as indicated in the PARAMETERS section.
The user may select the type of two dimensional interpolation and boundary
extension to be used. Note that the image interpolation is performed on
the boundary extended input image. Thus, boundary extensions which are
discontinuous (constant and wrap) may introduce interpolation errors.
.ih
EXAMPLES
1. To expand an image by a factor of 2.5:
cl> magnify imagein imageout 2.5 2.5
2. To subsample the lines of an image in steps of 3.5:
cl> magnify imagein imageout dx=3.5 dy=1
3. To magnify the central part of an image by 2 into a 11 by 31 image:
.nf
cl> magnify imagein imageout 2 2 x1=25.3 x2=30.3 \
>>> y1=20 y2=35
.fi
4. To use a higher order interpolator with wrap around boundary extension:
.nf
cl> magnify imagein imageout 2 2 x1=-10 y1=-10 \
>>> interpolation=spline3 boundary=wrap
.fi
It is important to remember that the magnification affects the pixel intervals!
This means that the number of pixels in an expanded image is not simply
a multiple of the original number. The following example illustrates this
point. Begin with an image which is 100 by 10. This means the
x coordinates run between 1 and 100 and the y coordinates run between 1 and
10 with a pixel interval of 1.
Let's magnify the x axis by 0.5 and the y axis by 2.
The output pixel intervals, in terms of the input pixel intervals,
are then 2 and 0.5. This means the output x pixels are at
1, 3, 5, etc. and output y pixels are at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, etc., again in
terms of the input pixel coordinates. The last output x pixel is then
at 99 in the input coordinates and the number of pixels is 50. For the
y axis the last output pixel is at 10 in the input coordinates and the
number of pixels between 1 and 10 in intervals of 0.5 is 19! Thus, the
final image is 50 by 19 and not 50 by 20 which you would get if you
multiplied the axis lengths by the magnification factors.
A more complex example is given above in which x1=25.3,
x2=30.3, y1=20, and y2=35 with magnification factors of 2.
It is important to understand why the output image is 11 by 31 and
what the pixel coordinates are in terms of the input pixel coordinates.
.ih
SEE ALSO
imshift, blkavg, rotate, imlintran, register, geotran, geomap
.endhelp
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