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MEMDBG -- Debug version of MEMIO.
This library may be linked with an application to perform runtime checks on
the memory allocation subsystem to check for memory leaks. This library is
used only for debugging and is not supported on all IRAF host systems.
To use this package link the iraf process with the flags
-z -lmemdbg
e.g.
xc -c zz.x; xc -z -o zz.e zz.o -lmemdbg
or include -lmemdbg on the $link line in the mkpkg file.
It may be desirable to edit the IRAF source code to insert MEMLOG messages
or change the logging defaults. The following routines are provided for this
purpose.
memlog (message)
memlog1 (message, arg1)
memlog2 (message, arg1, arg2)
memlogs (message, strarg)
memlev (loglevel)
MEMLOG logs a simple message string. MEMLOG[12] allow one or two integer
arguments. MEMLOGS allows one string argument.
The debug level may be set with MEMLEV, as follows:
level = 1 log malloc/realloc/mfree calls
level = 2 log smark/sfree calls
level = 3 log both types of calls
The default debug level is 3.
Run one or more IRAF tasks in the process you want to debug and then type
flpr to exit the process (debug logging is process level and ALL calls during
the process lifetime are logged). When the IRAF process is run a file
mem.log
will be left in the current directory. This contains a long sequence of lines
such as the following:
215738 00000696 18d74 A 1 malloc 572 type 10
21929d 00000697 59e34 A 2 smark
21929d 00000698 5a0aa F 2 sfree
The columns are as follows.
bufadr Buffer address for malloc, mfree, smark, etc.
seqno Sequence number - order in which the calls were made
retadr Return address - identifies routine which made the call
action Action code - A (alloc), R (realloc), F (free)
class Class of allocator (1=malloc/mfree, 2=smark/sfree)
comment Describes the type of call, may give extra info
This is just the raw debug output. To check the debug output to see if there
are any calls that don't match up, the task MEMCHK in SOFTOOLS is used, e.g.,
cl> sort mem.log | memchk | sort col=2 > mem.log2
This can also be run at the host level as follows.
% sort mem.log | x_softools.e memchk fname=STDIN passall+ | sort +1 > ...
This may take a while for very large (> 10K lines) mem.log files. The
output file will look like the input file except that any bad calls will be
flagged with the string "####" at the end of the line.
The RETADR field (printed in hex) can be used to determine what IRAF procedure
made a particular call. On a Sun one can run
% nm -n x_whatever.e
To list the symbol table sorted by address. The routine which made the call
will be the .text routine with the greatest address which is less than
retadr, i.e., retadr is an address within the text of the calling procedure.
On a SysV system NM produces "pretty" output and is harder to use. The
following command produces the necessary sorted list on my A/UX system.
% nm -e -x imexpr.e | sort -t\| +1
Another way to do this is to let a debugger look up the symbol in the
symbol table for us. Here is an example using adb.
% adb zz.e
0x25f0?i
_foo_+0x28: call _xmallc_
In this example the value of retadr is 0x25f0, the executable is the file
zz.e, and the procedure which called the MEMIO (MEMDBG) routine malloc
was "foo" according to adb.
Note that memory debug logging starts during process startup and the first
messages logged will record the MEMIO calls made by the system code. It is
normal for the system code to allocate some buffers which are used for the
lifetime of the process hence are never freed. A simple way to determine
where the system MEMIO calls end and your task execution begins is to put a
call such as
call memlog ("--------- start task -----------")
in the first executable line of your IRAF task. Comments such as this will
be preserved in the mem.log file.
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